LABOR MIGRATION

AND OFW
 Migration-Human migration is the
movement by people from one place to
another with the intentions of settling,
permanently or temporarily in a new
location. The movement is often over long
distances and from one country to
another.
 Labor migration-is the process of
shifting a labor force from one
physical location to another
 There are two basic types of
migration:
 Internal migration. This refers to a
change of residence within national
boundaries, such as between states,
provinces, cities, or municipalities. An
internal migrant is someone who moves
to a different administrative territory.
 International migration-This refers to
change of residence over national
boundaries. An international migrant is
someone who moves to a different country.
International migrants are further classified
as legal immigrants, illegal immigrants, and
refugees. Legal immigrants are those who
moved with the legal permission of the
receiver nation, illegal immigrants are those
who moved without legal permission, and
refugees are those crossed an international
boundary to escape persecution.
 Cause of Migration
 Poverty
 Unemployment
 Victims of natural calamities
 Improve standard of living
 Better Education
 Better Environment
 Economic Security
Positive Effects Negative Effects

Increase labor Overcrowding

supply
Cheap Labor Lack of house
facilities
Traffic congestion
Unemployment
Occurence of
squatter areas
 What are OFWs?
 Overseas Filipino Workers-are
Filipinos who are presently and and
temporarily working outside the
country.They may be land-based of
sea-based workers
 Ex.Domestic
Helpers,Teachers,Seaman,Nurses
 Reason behind the OFW Phenomenon
 High Unemployment Rate-Newly graduate
joins the labor force that increase the
competition in the labor marker instead of
waiting for them to be hired locally.
 Low Salary Offered by employer in the
Philippines-Filipinos are willing to work
aborad due to low salary.Even
professionals like nurses and teachers
would prefer to work abroad as household
help or office work.
 Discrimination in job hiring in the
Philippines-Local employers tend to hire
candidates even if they’re not the most
qualified for the jobs.The qualified and
overage applicants who were not able to find
jobs decide to work abroad.
 High With holding tax-The Philippines has a
high income tax rates to workers.Workers’
take home pay decreases after deducting the
withholding tax,GSIS/SSS premium,Pag-Ibig
and Philhealth and other mandatory
deductions