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PRECAUTIONS
DR .AKARSH SHARMA
INTRODUCTION
The tenets of Standard Precautions are that all patients are colonized or
infected with microorganisms, whether or not there are signs or symptoms,
and that a uniform level should be used in the care of all patients.
The elements of Standard Precautions
• When hands are visibly dirty with biologic material from patient care, hands
should be washed with soap and water.
• In intensive care units and other locations in which virulent or resistant organisms
are likely to be present, antimicrobial agents ( eg chlorhexidine gluconate,
chloroxylenol ) may be used.
• Effective hand washing requires at least 20 seconds of vigorous scrubbing with
special attention to the area around nail beds and between fingers, where there
is high bacterial burden.
HAND HYGIENE •
If hands are not visibly soiled, health care providers are strongly
encouraged to use alcohol-based, waterless antiseptic agents for routine
hand clean.
Rub hands together ,rub the product over all surfaces of hands and fingers
until hands are dry.
5 moments of hand hygiene
The most important aspect of reducing the risk of blood borne infection is
avoidance of percutaneous injury.
Extreme care is essential in all situations in which needles, scalpels, and
other sharp objects are handled.
Used needles should not be recapped. Instead, they are placed directly
into puncture resistant containers in the vicinity of their use.
All used disposable syringes and needles, scalpel blades, and other sharp
items should be placed in appropriate puncture-resistant containers
located close to the area where they are used.
Sharps containers should be disposed of according to state and local
regulated systems
All should be aware of the risk of injury whenever sharps are exposed. When
using or working around sharp devices,everyone should take precautions
while using sharps, during cleanup, and during disposal.edical waste rules.
PREVENTION OF NEEDLE STICK AND
INJURIES
Use care when:
1. Handling needles, scalpels, and other sharp instruments or devices.
Needed when work presents the potential of causing facial injury from
physical chemical or radiation agents.
FACE SHIELD
WELDING SHIELD
(EYES, NOSE, AND MOUTH) •
When the health care provider is involved in an activity in which body fluids
may be sprayed or splashed, appropriate barriers must be used.
If a splash to the face may occur, goggles and facemask are warranted.
If the health care worker is handling material that may soil clothing or is
involved in a procedure in which clothing may be splashed with biologic
material, a cover gown should be worn.
CONTINUE
1. Wear to protect skin and prevent soiling of clothing during activities that
are likely to generate splashes or sprays of blood, body fluids, secretions, or
excretions.
2. Remove soiled gown as soon as possible, and perform hand hygiene.
Gowns are collected and segregated before sending it to laundary .
TYPES OF LINEN
Linen for housekeeping – this includes curtains, drapes, table cloths , etc
Patient linen – bed linen , body linen ,ot linen
Staff linen – Doctors and Medical staffs apron , gown etc.
Linens
Treat waste contaminated with blood, body fluids, secretions and excretions
as clinical waste, in accordance with local regulations.
Human tissues and laboratory waste that is directly associated with specimen
processing should also be treated as clinical waste.
Discard single use items properly.
ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL
•Ensure that the health service has adequate procedures for the routine
care, cleaning and disinfection of environmental surfaces, beds, bedrails,
bedside equipment and other frequently touched surfaces, and that these
procedures are being followed.
•Use adequate procedures for the routine cleaning and disinfection of
environmental and other frequently touched surfaces.
Policies and procedures for routine cleaning and disinfection of
environmental surfaces should be included as part of the infection
prevention plan.
Cleaning removes large numbers of microorganisms from surfaces and
should always precede disinfection.
Disinfection is generally a less lethal process of microbial inactivation
(compared with sterilization) that eliminates virtually all recognized
pathogenic microorganisms but not necessarily all microbial forms (e.g.,
bacterial spores)
Emphasis for cleaning and disinfection should be placed on surfaces that
are most likely to become contaminated with pathogens, including clinical
contact surfaces (e.g., frequently touched surfaces such as light handles,
bracket trays, switches , computer equipment) in the patient-care area.
When these surfaces are touched, microorganisms can be transferred to
other surfaces, instruments or to the nose, mouth, or eyes of DHCP or
patients.
Although hand hygiene is the key to minimizing the spread of
microorganisms, clinical contact surfaces should be barrier protected or
cleaned and disinfected between patients.
Respiratory hygiene and cough etiquette