Presentation on

Referencing Guidelines
(APA style )- Book & Journal Articles

Presented By: Anish Singh

Janardan Subedi
Mandip Gupta
Manisha Rana
 Going to deal with

• Referencing
• What is APA ?
• Referencing guidelines
• Referencing for book and Articles
What is referencing?

Referencing is a standardized way of acknowledging

the sources of information and ideas that you have
used in your assignments. This allows the sources to
be identified.

Why reference?

Referencing is important to avoid plagiarism, to

verify quotations and to enable readers to identify
and follow up works you have referred to
What is APA?
• APA = American Psychological Association
• Promulgates guidelines for preparing student research
papers and projects and scholarly manuscripts in the
social and behavioral sciences.
• “APA style” refers to a system of citing research
sources.
• It has unique formats for in-text citations and
reference pages. Its style and guidelines increase the
ease of reading comprehension for viewers as well as
ensure consistent presentation of content and written
material.
 How to create a reference list?

• A reference list includes just the books, articles, and web pages etc
that are cited in the text of the document. A bibliography includes
all sources consulted for background reading.
• A reference list is arranged alphabetically by author. If an item has
no author, it is cited by title, and included in the alphabetical list
using the first significant word of the title.
• If you have more than one item with the same author, list the
items chronologically, starting with the earliest publication.
• Each reference appears on a new line.
• Each item in the reference list is required to have a hanging indent.
• References should not be numbered.
 Book
Elements of the citation
Author(s) of book – family name and initials, use & for multiple authors. (Year of publication). Title of book – italicised
Place of publication: Publisher.

Reference type Reference list example

One author Berkman, R. I. (1994). Find it fast: How to uncover expert

information. New York, NY: Harper Perrenial.

Two authors Moir, A., & Jessel, D. (1991). Brain sex: The real difference
between men and women. London: Mandarin.

Three to five O'Keefe, J. H., Bell, D. S. H., & Wyne, K.L. (2009). Diabetes
authors essentials. Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett Publishers.

3
Six or more Johnson, L., Lewis, K., Peters, M., Harris, Y., Moreton, G.,
Morgan, B., . . . Smith, P. (2005). How far is far? London:
authors
McMillan.
When a reference has up to seven authors, include allauthors’ names in the reference list.
When a work has eight or more authors, cite the last names & initials ofthe first six
authors then follow with a comma and threespaced ellipsis points (. . .), then the last
author’s name.

No author The CCH Macquarie dictionary of business. (1993). North

Ryde, NSW: CCH Australia.
 The Basics
 Print sources
A book with one author.

Author’s last Publication Year Title (in Italics)

name and initials

Livingston, J.A. (1994). Rogue Primate: An exploration of

human domestication. London, England: Hogarth.

Publisher Name
Location
 Book Examples
With one author: Italicize title of book Use a colon between the
main title and the subtitle
Seligman, L. (1999). Selecting effective treatments: A comprehensive,

systematic guide to treating mental disorders. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

List all authors Last Name in full, then first
With three to six authors:
(and middle) name(s) abbreviated
Tikling, S. F., Avulsion, D. T., Bonds, B., & Huckabee, T. S. (2008). Publisher’s
name
Unstoppable leakages: Every child deserves plumbing. Lanham, MD:
If city of
Rowman & Littlefield. publication is
not well-
Remember to indent Date of publication in
known, add
all lines after the first parentheses, followed by a
state postal
line ½ inch period
 Two or More Sources by the Same
Author(s):

Firor, J., Aberding, F. T., & Jakins, P. R. (2009). The changing

atmosphere: Enuretic raindrops. New Haven, CT: Yale University

Press.

Firor, J., Aberding, F. T., & Jakins, P. R. (2010). The adipose greenhouse:

Population, climate change, and creating a sustainable water supply.

Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

List sources by the same author(s) in chronological

order of their publication date.
 Books, Continued
For books with editors, list the editor’(s)
name(s) followed by “Eds.” in parentheses.
Follow with a period.
Editors as authors:

Schmandt, J., & Schmundt, R. (Eds.). (1999). Regional bedwetting styles:

Impacts and response strategies. New York: Oxford University Press.

Book by a corporate author: For corporate author, use full name

National Research Council. (1992). China and the damming of the Three

Gorges: Opportunities for psychic enuresis. Washington: National

Academy.
 Sample References Page
*Sources are listed alphabetically Title “References” is centered
at the top of the page

Be sure to
Indent all lines after include the digital
the first ½ inch for object identifier
each reference (doi), if the
listed source has one

*The entire
References page
is double-spaced
All citations end
*All papers in APA in a period (.),
style must be in 12-pt., except those with
Times New Roman
font a doi or URL
 Journal Article

• If the journal article has a digital object

identifier (DOI), include this in your
reference.
• If there is no DOI and you have accessed the
article electronically, include the URL of the
journal’s homepage in your reference.
 Digital Object Identifier (doi)

• A unique alphanumeric sequence, starting with “10,”

used to identify and to locate an item on the Internet

• Example: doi:10.1000/186.ken888.888lee (no period

at the end)
DOI Available
Author(s) of journal article – family name and initials, use & for multiple
authors. (Year of publication). Title of journal article.
Journal name – italicised, Volume – italicised(Issue or number), Page
number(s). doi:xx.xxxxxxxxxx

Journal article – DOI not available and journal

retrieved online
Author(s) of journal article – family name and initials, use & for multiple
authors. (Year of publication). Title of journal article. Journal name –
italicised, Volume – italicised( Issue or number), Page number(s).
Retrieved from http: www.xxxxxx
 What Should Be Included?
Journal Articles
Author(s). Farley, H. W., Long, H., Close, G.,
& Short, M.
(Date of publication.). (2008).
Article title. The scientific case for modern
anthropogenic causes for
enlarged prostate due to
childhood enuresis in adult males.

Periodical title (journal, magazine, Monthly Review

newspaper) Italicized.
Volume #(Issue #),
60(3),
Page #.
68-90.
Digital Object Identifier. doi:10.1037/0735-7036.122.116.
 Examples
Reference Type Reference Example
Journal article Lowrie, T., & Diezmann, C. M. (2009). National
numeracy tests: A graphic tells a thousand words.
from print Australian Journal of Education, 53, 141-158.
journal, no
DOI(multiple
author)

Journal article
(print or Osman, M. (2010). Controlling uncertainty: A review
of human behavior in complex dynamic
electronic) with environments. Psychological Bulletin, 136(1), 65-
DOI – one author 86. doi: 10.1037/a0017815
– paginated by
Issue- single
Author
 Example
Journal article with doi:
Farley, H. W., Long, H., & Short, M. (2008). The scientific case for modern anthropogenic causes for

enlarged prostate due to childhood enuresis in adult males. Monthly Review, 60(3), 68-90.
Issue # in parentheses
doi:10.1037/0735-7036.122.116.
Dates: For journals,
One of my parents
always said, “Don’t wet
your bed” (Mom, 1990).
 Thank You!

For more ,please go through : “Publication Manual

of the American Psychological Association” 6th
edition. (PDF available)