CONTD.

METHODSOFSYNTHESIS

Intracellular:
Inside the cell, in cytoplasm or cytosol.
Extracellular :
Outside the cell on the surface or between the
cells inside a colony.
INTRACELLULAR SYNTHESIS OF
NANOPARTICLES BY BACTERIA

Bioaccumulation

In order to release the intracellularly synthesized nanoparticles, additional

processing steps such as ultrasound treatment or reaction with suitable
detergents are required.

Fig: Schematic flow diagram for intracellular synthesis of

nanomaterials.
CONTD.

Synthesis of Ag NPs by bacteria

 Culture supernatants of bacteria can be used for synthesis of Ag NPs.

 Such as culture supernatants of E. coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, B. subtilis,

Enterobacter cloacae and Bacillus licheniformis.

 Also, Lactobacillus strains can be used for synthesis of Ag NPs.

CONTD.

Crystal topologies by P. stutzeri AG259. (a,

b) Triangular, hexagonal, and
spheroidal Ag-NPs found at different
cellular binding sites ( with
permission from National Academy of
Sciences, U.S.A
CONTD .

Synthesis of Gold NP’S by bacteria :

Bacillus subtilis 168 reduced water soluble 𝐴𝑢+3ions

to 𝐴𝑢0producing octahedral morphology inside
the cell walls in the dimensions of 5–25 nm.
• Synthesis of Fe NP’S by bacteria :
1.Magnetite nanoparticles
2.Greigite nanoparticles
Organism- Actinobacter sp.
EXTRACELLULAR SYNTHESIS OF
NANOPARTICLES BY BACTERIA

It occurs due to extracellular bio mineralization,

biosorption, complexation or precipitation.
With the change in pH of the solution, various shapes and
sizes were formed.

FIG:Schematicflow diagram for extracellular synthesis of nanomaterials.

CONTD.

The culture supernatants of Enterobacteriaceae (Klebsiella

pneumonia, E. coli and Enterobacter cloacae) also rapidly synthesized
silver nanoparticles by reducing Ag+ to Ag0. These particles ranged
in size from 28.2 nm to 122 nm with an average size of 52.5 nm. With
the addition of piperitone, silver ion reduction was partially inhibited,
which showed the involvement of nitroreductase enzymes in the
reduction process.

Titanium nanoparticles of spherical aggregates of 40–60 nm were

produced extracellularly using the culture filtrate of Lactobacillus sp.
at room temperature. These titanium nanoparticles were lighter in
weight and high resistance to corrosion
CONTD.

Immobilized Rhodobacter spheroids' extracellularly

produced spherical shaped zinc sulfide (ZnS)
semiconductor nanoparticles of 8 nm in size. In
analogous, immobilized purple, nonsulfur
photosynthetic bacterium, R. sphaeroides produced
extracellularly fcc structured lead sulfide (PbS)
nanoparticles of size 10.5± 0.15 nm with
monodispersed spherical morphology.
Characterization of PbS nanoparticles synthesized by immobilized R. sphaeroides (a)
TEM image (b) HRTEM image (c) (200) lattice fringes of denoted area (d)
corresponding
SAED pattern
EXAMPLES OF BACTERIA
SYNTHESING NANOPARTICLES
SYNTHESIS OF NANOPARTICLES
BY FUNGI AND YEAST

Fungi and yeast are very effective secretors of

extracellular enzymes and number of species grow fast
and therefore culturing and keeping them in the
laboratory is very simple.

They are able to produce metal nanoparticles and

nanostructure via reducing enzyme extracellularly.
SYNTHESIS PROCEDURE

https://www.researchgate.net/figure/31194
8481_Fig1_Figure-1-Intracellular-and-
extracellular-biosynthesis-of-metallic-
nanoparticles-NPs-by
CONTD.

TEMpicture of silver nanoparticlessynthesizedby

Aspergillus foetidus showing nano size particles of
size ranges 20-40 nm (a &b respectively),EDS
spectra of silver nanoparticlesshowing presenceof
Ag atom(c).