UCSD Physics 10

James Clerk Maxwell Michael Faraday

Electromagnetism
Electromagnetic Induction
Electromagnetic Waves
UCSD Physics 10

Electromagnetism
• Electricity and magnetism are different facets of
electromagnetism
– a moving electric charge produces magnetic fields
– changing magnetic fields move electric charges
• This connection first elucidated by Faraday, Maxwell
• Einstein saw electricity and magnetism as frame-
dependent facets of unified electromagnetic force

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Magnetic fields from electricity

• A static distribution of charges produces an electric
field
• Charges in motion (an electrical current) produce a
magnetic field
– electric current is an example of charges (electrons) in motion

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Electromagnets
• Arranging wire in a coil and running a current
through produces a magnetic field that looks a lot
like a bar magnet
– called an electromagnet
– putting a real magnet inside, can shove the magnet back
and forth depending on current direction: called a
solenoid

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The Electromagnetic Connection

• A changing magnetic field produces an electric field, and a

changing electric field produces a magnetic field.
• Electric and Magnetic fields can produce forces on charges
• An accelerating charge produces electromagnetic waves
(radiation)
• Both electric and magnetic fields can transport energy
– Electric field energy used in electrical circuits, e.g., released in
lightning
– Magnetic field carries energy through transformer, for example

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Numerical value of e/m

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MOVING COIL GALVANOMETER

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