MANAGING AND

CARING THE SELF

Goal Setting Theory
ICE BREAKER
 Playing Report
Instruction :
1. Group the class into two groups, then pair it
into two.
2. Give each pair a ten (10) minutes to interview
with each other.
3. After ten (10) minutes, each member of the
group present what they found out about their
partner.
What is GOAL SETTING?
■ involves the development of an action
plan designed to motivate and guide a
person or group toward a goal.
The essence of the Theory:
1. Difficult specific goals lead to significantly higher
performance than easy goals, no goals, or even the setting of
an abstract goal.
2. There is goal commitment, the higher the goal the higher
the performance.
3. The involvement of people in decision-making only
influences behavior to the extent that it leads to the setting of
and commitment to a specific difficult goal.
4. The influence of choice, effort, and persistence to discover
ways to attain the goal.
History of Goal Setting Theory
■ Cecil Alec Mace carried out the first empirical
studies in 1935.
■ Edwin A. Locke began to examine goal setting in
the mid-1960s and continued researching goal
setting for more than 30 years.
 (SMART) GOAL SETTING
S – pecific. Simple and significant
M- easurable. Meaningful and
motivation.
A- chievable. Agreed and Attainable
R- elevant. Reasonable and Realistic
T- ime. Timely and time-sensitive
Five (5) principles of Goal Setting
1. CLARITY – clear goals are measurable and
ambiguous, goals are need to be a clear and specific.
When time are specific there is no misunderstanding
about what behavior will be rewarded.
2. CHANGELLE – people are often motivated by
achievement, and they’ll judge a goal based on
the significant of the anticipated
accomplishment.
3. COMMITMENT – Goals must be understood
and agreed upon if they are to be effective.
4. FEEDBACK – Provide opportunities to provide
clarification, adjust goal difficulties and gain recognition.
The regular progress reports which measure specific
success along the way. Break down of information into
smaller chunks and link feedbacks to these intermediate
milestone.
5. COMPLEXITY - make sure you give yourself enough time
to overcome the learning curve involved in completing the
task.
Situation:
Tracy’s Study Habits
Tracy is a college student, who is so engrossed with
MYX Music Channel. Two (2) weeks from now, she will
have her midterm exam in Calculus 1. She had already
started studying, she listens to pop music while she
studies because it gives her the feeling of relaxation.
She does not have goal in her study. She just tell
herself that she can do it. She does not have strategies in
studying so she can learn how to focus on the things that
are important. She always find herself cramming
because she does not have a “study time”. She does
not have techniques on how to she can monitor her
progress in her studies. She always tells herself that
she is good in Math. From her perspective, there is
nothing wrong with the way she studies. She does not
want ask help from anybody because she is afraid that
she might look stupid. She does not go to the library
to look for supplementary material that may help her.
According to her, “she has to many things to do”.
Studying gives her the feeling of anxiety. She does not
believe that she can succeed.
QUESTIONS:
1.What are the problems presented in the
story?
2.How did effect to Tracy?
3.What advice can you give Tracy to
improve her study habits?