WATER

RESOURCES
ENGINEERING
• Introduction
• History
• State of Water Resources in Philippines and Cavite
DEFINITION
Water resources engineering has
its roots in task of:
• Supplying water for human use
• Removing water when humans are
finished using it
• Developing
methods of avoiding water
damage from excess water
DEFINITION
• Specific
kind of engineering that
involve design of new systems and
equipment that help manage human
water resources

• Sometouch water treatment facilities,

underground well and natural springs
WATER RESOURCES
ENGINEERING
• Engineering
for both water supply
management and excess water
management
• Analysisand design of water problems:
hydraulic and hydrologic processes
 Pipe flow
 Open channel flow
 Groundwater flow
HISTORY
• Hasevolved over the past 9,000 to 10,000 years
as humans have developed knowledge and
techniques for building hydraulic structures to
convey and store water
• Egyptians and Mesopotamians built irrigation
networks
• Sadd-el-kafara – world’s oldest dam in Egypt
built between 2950 and 2690 BC (flood control)
HISTORY
• Oldest known pressurized water
distribution (2000 BC) was in the ancient
city of Knossos on Crete
EARTH’S WATER RESOURCES
• Earth’swater resources includes rivers,
lakes, ocean, and groundwater aquifers
which supply water for irrigation,
drinking, sanitation, industry and provides
habitat for aquatic life (Scanlon, 2007)
WATER RESOURCES
• Only 0.78 percent of all the water in Earth,
which is coming from surface and groundwater,
is available for consumption of living things
• Due to rapid growth or population and
industrialization, there is an increasing and
conflicting demand of water for different uses
• Supplyand access to water is one of challenges
that humanity face today (Almaden, 2014)
STATE OF WATER RESOURCES
IN THE PHILIPPINES
• Sources
of water (atmospheric, surface water and
groundwater)
• 18 major river basins
• 79 lakes
• Laguna Lake – largest lake with an area of
3,813.2 square meters
• Severalgroundwater basins are underlain by
various rock formations all around the country
and some basins can be found on Southern Luzon
and Cavite-Batangas-Laguna basins
• Groundwater contributes 14 percent of total
water resource potential of the country
Groundwater Surface Water
Southern Luzon 1,410 6,370
*values in MCM (Million Cubic Meters)
**Source: Greenpeace, 2007

• CagayanValley – has highest potential source of

groundwater
• Northern Mindanao – has highest potential
source of surface water
• Central
Visayas has lowest potential source for
groundwater and surface water
STATE OF WATER RESOURCES
IN CAVITE
Cavite
 142, 706 hectares in area
 4 cities
 19 municipalities
 829 barangays
 7 legislative districts
• Has six watersheds:
 Bacoor River Watershed
 Imus River Watershed
 Labac-Alebang River Watershed
 San Juan River Watershed
 Canas River Watershed
 Maragondon River Watershed
• Haveseveral tributaries flowing from
Tagaytay City to Manila Bay with
stretches from municipality of Bacoor City
up to Ternate
Water Supply Facilities
• Level 1 – exist in almost entire province
except in Carmona, GMA, and Magallanes
• Level 2 – Rosario, Silang, Tagaytay, Alfonso,
Gen. E. Aguinaldo, Indang, Magallanes and
Naic
• Level 3 – available in all cities and
municipality (with service coverage ranging
from 12% in Ternate to 100% in Carmona and
GMA)
Existing Water Service Providers
• Local Government Units (LGU)
• Maynilad Water Services, Inc. (MWSI)
• Local Water Utilities Administration
(LWUA) supply 3 cities and 9
municipalities
• Thereare no public sewerage systems in
Cavite and most households dispose
wastewater through septic tanks which
pass effluents directly into canal or
watercourses
• Agricultural areas, wastewater is disposed
in sealed latrines or watercourses and
drains
• Groundwater pollution is a problem in
coastal areas
CHALLENGES
• Maragondon River – has highest significant
sustainable flow but receives contaminant effluents
from large tracts of agricultural production areas
• Development of groundwater resources through wells
is not recommended in Tagaytay, Alfonso and
Mendez (Elev > 300 m) as it might effect flow of
springs used by local water districts
• Ternate and Maragondon have poor aquifer potential
• Naic and Ternate – avoided due to possible saline
intrusion