Department of Anatomy

Hasanuddin University

dr. HASAN NYAMBE

SISTEM ALAT GERAK

• OSTEOLOGI
• MYOLOGI
• ARTHROLOGI
OSTEOLOGI UMUM

1.Menegakkan dan memberi bentuk

pada tubuh
2.Melindungi alat dalam
3.Tempat melekatnya otot
4.Sebagai alat gerak pasif
5.Tempat pembuatan sel darah
merah
6.Tempat menyimpan mineral (Ca,
PO4)
KLASIFIKASI SKELETON

I. LOKALISASI/REGIONAL
II. MORFOLOGI
III. HISTOLOGI
LOKALISASI/REGIONAL

1. SKELETON AXIALE
• CRANIUM
• VERTEBRA
• COSTA
• STERNUM

2. SKELETON APPENDICULARE
• EXTREMITAS SUPERIOR
• EXTREMITAS INFERIOR
MORFOLOGI
HISTOLOGIS

• OSSEUM (= TULANG SEJATI)

• CARTILAGO (= TULANG RAWAN)
 SKELETON
APPENDICULARE

EXTREMITAS SUPERIOR (Ossa Membri

Superior)

1. CINGULUM EXTREMITAS
SUPERIOR
• 2. EXTREMITAS SUPERIOR
LIBERAE
Cingulum Ext.Superior

• Os SCAPULA

DORSAL VENTRAL
Extremitas Sup. Liberae

• Os HUMERUS
• Os RADIUS
• Os ULNA
• Ossa CARPALIA
• Ossa METACARPALIA
• Ossa PHALANGES (=Ossa
Digitorum)
Humerus of the Arm

Figure 7.23
Radius and Ulna

Figure 7.24
Hand
• Skeleton of
the hand
contains wrist
bones
(carpals),
bones of the
palm
(metacarpals)
, and bones of
the fingers
(phalanges)

Figure 7.26a
Carpus (Wrist)

• Consists of eight bones

– Scaphoid, lunate, triquetral, and pisiform
proximally
– Trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, and
hamate distally
Metacarpus (Palm)

• Five numbered (1-5) metacarpal bones

radiate from the wrist to form the palm
– Their bases articulate with the carpals
proximally, and with each other medially
and laterally
– Heads articulate with the phalanges
2. EXTREMITAS INFERIOR (Ossa Membri
INFERIOR)

1. CINGULUM EXTREMITAS
INFERIOR
2. EXTREMITAS INFERIOR LIBERAE
Extremitas Inferior (= Ossa
Membri Inferior)
Cingulum Membri Inferior
Os coxae :
• Os ilium
• Os ischium
• Os pubis
Extremitas Inferior Liberae

• Femur
• Tibia
• Fibula
• Ossa tarsalia
• Ossa metatarsalia
• Ossa phalanges
 Bones of the Lower Extremity

• Attach to axial
skeleton by pelvic
girdle
– 2 hip bones (os
coxae)
• Fusion of ilium,
ischium, and
pubis

Know the landmarks that are studied in lab!

Thigh
• Femur
– Largest, longest,
strongest bone in body
– Runs medially to bring
knee closer to center of
body weight
– Weight from pelvis is
transferred to femur
– Serves as site of muscle
attachment
– Walking

http://www.fysioweb.nl/service/anatomie/bovenbeen/femur.jpg
Knee and Leg

• Patella – kneecap
– Sesamoid bone
• Short bone formed
within a tendon
– Lies within tendon
of quadriceps
• Leg is the part of
the lower limb
between knee and
ankle
 Leg
• Tibia
– Medial
– “Shinbone”
– 2nd to femur in size and
strength
– Weight transmitted from
femur to tibia
– Muscle attachment
• Fibula
– Lateral
– Stabilization of ankle
– Muscle attachment
Foot

• Tarsus (posterior ½ of foot)

– 7 tarsal bones
• Talus - ankle
– Articulates with tibia/fibula
• Calcaneous – heel
– Carries talus
– Attachment for calcaneal
tendon
• Cuboid
• Navicular
• Medial cuneiform
• Intermediate cuneiform
• Lateral cuneiform
 Foot (Intermediate and Anterior)
• Metarsus
– 5 metatarsals
• Phalanges
– 14 phalanges
• Arches of Foot (3)
– Transverse
– Medial longitudinal
– Lateral longitudinal
– Form half-dome
• ½ weight to heel
• ½ weight to head of
metatarsals
SKELETON AXIALE

• Columna Vertebralis
• Costae
• Sternum
• Cranium
COLUMNA VERTEBRALIS

PENDAHULUAN
• Ruas-ruas tulang belakang
• Discus intervertebralis
• Terdiri dari 33 buah:

7 Vertebra cervicalis
12 Vertebra thoracalis
5 Vertebra lumbalis
5 Vertebra sacralis
4 Vertebra coccygeus
MORFOLOGI VERTEBRA
 MORFOLOGI

• Vertebrae : •Corpus
•Arcus td pediculus dan lamina
•Processus spinosus
•Processus transverses
•Processus articularis

• Foramen vertebralis Canalis

vertebralis (dilalui Medulla spinalis)
LENGKUNGAN COLUMNA
VERTEBRALIS

Anterior lordosis

Posterior kyphosis

Samping scoliosis
VERT. SACRALIS (= OS
SACRUM)
• Td. 5 ruas vertebrae Os
Sacrum
• Berbtk segitiga, basis di cranial, apex
di caudal
• Facies pelvicum & facies dorsalis
• Foramina intervertebralis
• Crista sacralis media
• Terdpt hiatus sacralis
OS COCCYGEUS

• Ada 4 ruas Os coccygeus

 COSTA

• 12 pasang
• Melekat pd vert.thoracalis ke sternum
• 3 kelompok:

1.Costa Vera (costa I-VII)

2.Costa Spuria (costa VIII-X)
3.Costa Fluctuantes (costa XI-XII)
 STERNUM
• Bentuk seperti keris
• Terdiri dari :
- manubrium sterni
- corpus sterni
- processus xiphoideus sterni
( proc. Ensiformis sterni )
 STERNUM

- manubrium sterni

-corpus sterni

- proc. xiphoideus sterni

(proc.Ensiformis sterni)
CRANIUM

• NEURO CRANIUM
• VISCERO CRANIUM
(SPLANCNO CRANIUM)
NEURO CRANIUM
• Os occipitale (1)
• Os temporale (2)
• Os parietale (2)
• Os frontale (1)
• Os sphenoidale (1)
• Os eithmoidale (1)
VISCERO CRANIUM
(SPLANCNO CRANIUM)
• Os maxilla (2)
• Os mandibula (1)
• Os Zygomatica (2)
• Os nasalis (2)
• Os lacrimale (2)
• Os vomer (1)
• Os palatinae (2)
• Os concha nasalis inferior (2)
NEUROCRANIUM

• BASIS CRANII Os Eithmoidalis

Os Frontalis
Os Temporalis
Os Occipitalis
Os Shenoidalis
• CALVARIA
CRANII Os Frontale
Os Parietale
Os Temporale
Os Occipitalis
OS OCCIPITALE

• Bagian postero-inferior cranium

• Terdiri dari :
•pars basilaris
•pars squamosa
• terdapat : •pars lateralis

•Foramen jugulare
•Foramen occipitale magnum
OS TEMPORALE

1. Squama temporalis terdapat fossa

mandibularis
2. Pars mastoidea terdapat processus
mastoidea
3. Pars tympanica terdapat meatus
acusticus externus
4. Pars petrosa
5. Processus styloideus
OS PARIETALE

•Sutura sagittalis
•Sutura coronaria
•Sutura lambdoidea
OS FRONTALE

• Squama
• Pars nasalis
• Pars orbitalis
OS SPHENOIDALIS

• Corpus
• Ala magna
• Ala parva
• Processus pterygoideus
OS EITHMOIDALIS

• lamina cribrosa terdapat N. I (N.

olfactorius)
• Crista galli
• Cellulae eithmoidalis
OS MAXILLA

• Corpus sinus maxillaris

• Membentuk:

• Lantai cavum rbita

• Bgn lateral cav. Nasi
• Bgn cranial cavitas oris
• Dentis pada proc.alveolaris superior
arcus dentalis superior
OS MANDIBULA

• Corpus Symphisis menti

Protuberantia mentalis
Foramen mentale
Linea obliqua
Alveolus
• Ramus mandibulae
Processus
coronoideus
Processus condylaris