Phrases

7th Grade
Chapter 14
Prepositional Phrases:
Adjective and Adverb
Phrases
Pages 404-409
 What is a Phrase?

A phrase is a group of related words that is

used as a single part of speech and that
does not contain both a verb and its
subject.
 What is a clause?

A clause is a group of related words that is

used as a single part of speech and that
does contain both a verb and its subject.
 Let’s see, are these
phrases or clauses?
 As soon as the bell rings
 Around the beautiful, fragrant garden
 That I really want
 Any student can join
 Thinking about tonight’s game
 To run the marathon
 Swimming the length of the pool
 Let’s Try Some More!
 when you know
 as they walked in
 in the garden  smiling brightly
 is sleeping  to the supermarket
 how she remembered  where the car is
 to laugh at myself
 if he says so
What is a Prepositional Phrase?
A prepositional phrase includes a
preposition, a noun, or a pronoun called
the object of the preposition, and any
modifiers of that object.

There are 2 kinds of prepositional phrases:

adjective phrases and adverb phrases
Prepositional Phrase Examples
The Seine River flows through Paris.

The car in front of us slide into an icy snowbank.

During the stormy night, the black horse ran off.

The dish is filled with raw carrots and celery.

 What is an Adjective Phrase?

A prepositional phrase used as an adjective

is called an adjective phrase.

ADJECTIVE: Rosa chose the blue one.

ADJECTIVE PHRASE: Rosa chose the one

with blue stripes.
 Adjective Phrases
• An adjective phrase
modifies a noun or a
pronoun.
What kind? Which one?

Adjective phrases
•

generally come after the

words they modify and
answer the same How many? How much?
questions that single-
work adjectives answer:
 Adjective Phrases
• The store with the neon sign is open.

• We bought a CD by Janet Jackson.

 What is an Adverb Phrase?

A prepositional phrase used as an adverb is

called an adverb phrase.

ADVERB: The cavalry will reach the fort

soon.

ADVERB PHRASE: The cavalry will reach the

fort by noon.
 Adverb Phrases

Adverb phrases answer the same questions

that single-word adverbs answer:

When? Where? How? Why?

How How To what

often? long? extent?
 Adverb Phrases
• We got our new puppy at the animal shelter.

• A puppy is always ready for a game.

• He barks loudly for a puppy.

 Verbals
&
Verbal Phrases

Pages 412-418
 What is a Verbal?

A verbal is a word that is formed from a

verb but is used as a noun, an adjective,
or an adverb.
 What is a Participle?
A participle is a verb that can be used as an adjective.
There are present participles (-ing) and past participles
(-d or –ed).

PRESENT Mr. Sanchez rescued three

people from the burning
building.

PAST Well trained, the soldier

successfully carried out her mission.
 What is a Participial Phrase?

A participial phrase consists of a participle

together with its modifiers and
complements. The entire phrase is used as
an adjective.
 Participial Phrase Examples

Stretching slowly, the cat jumped down

from the windowsill.

The tornado predicted by the

meteorologist did not hit our area.

Reading the assignment, she took notes

carefully.
 Misplaced Modifiers
A participial phrase should be placed close to the word
it modifies. Otherwise, the phrase may appear to
modify another word, and the sentence may not
make sense.

MISPLACED Hopping along the fence, I saw a

rabbit.

CORRECTED I saw a rabbit hopping along the

fence.
 BEWARE!

 There are some past participles that DO

NOT end in –d or –ed. These are irregular
past participles.
 Examples – driven, frozen, broken, swept,
caught, rung, hung
 The car driven by Uncle Cletus belonged to
Aunt Petunia.
 We skated on the frozen pond.
 The Infinitive
An infinitive is a verb form that can be used as a
noun, an adjective, or an adverb. Most infinitives
begin with to.

NOUN To succeed is my goal.

ADJECTIVE The place to meet tomorrow is
the library.
ADVERB Tamara claims she was born to
surf.
 The Infinitive Phrase

An infinitive phrase consists of an infinitive

together with its modifiers and
complements. The entire phrase may be
used as a noun, an adjective, or an
adverb.
 Infinitive Phrase Examples

To be a good gymnast takes hard work.

The first person to fly over both the

North Pole and the South Pole was
Richard Byrd.

Are you ready to go to the gym now?

 BEWARE!

 Don’t mistake an infinitive or infinitive

phrase for a prepositional phrase starting
with to
 The boy next to the purpled-haired girl went
to the stage for his award. Prepositional Phrase
 The purple-haired girl had to move her feet
so he could get around her. Infinitive Phrase
 Just so you know…

 Sometimes an adverb will come before the

infinitive in the phrase. This adverb is part
of the infinitive phrase.
 The child was told not to leave the
playground area alone.
 The employee who stole merchandise was
ordered never to step foot in the store
again.