GROUP #1

• LEADER: MARJORIE P. NAVARRO

• MEMBER: EMERLYN JOY CHIOCO
• CHRISTINE JOY IGAY
• RYAH JARA MIMIS
• ARRIS MARANA
A. ETHICS
• Source of Principles Ethics are external standards that
are provided by institutions, groups, or culture to which
an individual belongs. For example, lawyers, policemen,
and doctors all have to follow an ethical code laid down
by their profession, regardless of their own feelings or
preferences. Ethics can also be considered a social
system or a framework for acceptable behavior. Morals
are also influenced by culture or society, but they are
personal principles created and upheld by individuals
themselves. Consistency and Flexibility Ethics are very
consistent within a certain context, but can vary greatly
between contexts.
• For example, the ethics of the medical profession
in the 21st century are generally consistent and
do not change from hospital to hospital, but they
are different from the ethics of the 21st century
legal profession. An individual’s moral code is
usually unchanging and consistent across all
contexts, but it is also possible for certain events
to radically change an individual's personal beliefs
and values. Conflicts Between Ethics and Morals
One professional example of ethics conflicting
with morals is the work of a defense attorney.
• A lawyer’s morals may tell her that murder is
reprehensible and that murderers should be
punished, but her ethics as a professional
lawyer, require her to defend her client to the
best of her abilities, even if she knows that
the client is guilty. Another example can be
found in the medical field. In most parts of the
world, a doctor may not euthanize a patient,
even at the patient's request, as per ethical
standards for health professionals. However,
the same doctor may personally believe in a
• Origins Much of the confusion between these two
words can be traced back to their origins. For
example, the word "ethic" comes from Old French
(etique), Late Latin (ethica), and Greek (ethos) and
referred to customs or moral philosophies. "Morals"
comes from Late Latin's moralis, which referred to
appropriate behavior and manners in society. So, the
two have very similar, if not synonymous, meanings
originally. Morality and ethics of the individual have
been philosophically studied for well over a thousand
years.
• The idea of ethics being principles that are set
and applied to a group (not necessarily
focused on the individual) is relatively new,
though, primarily dating back to the 1600s.
The distinction between ethics and morals is
particularly important for philosophical
ethicists. Videos Explaining the Differences
The following video explains how ethics are
objective, while morals are subjective.
B. THE IMPORTANT OF
ETHICS IN BUSINESS
• The importance of ethics in business
• Ethics concern an individual's moral judgements about
right and wrong. Decisions taken within an organisation
may be made by individuals or groups, but whoever
makes them will be influenced by the culture of the
company. The decision to behave ethically is a moral
one; employees must decide what they think is the right
course of action. This may involve rejecting the route
that would lead to the biggest short-term profit.
C. MORAL VS NON-
MORAL STANDARDS
•Morality may refer to the standards
that a person or a group has about
what is right and wrong, or good
and evil. Accordingly, moral
standards are those concerned
with or relating to human behavior,
especially the distinction between
good and bad (or right and wrong)
•Moral standards involve the rules
people have about the kinds of actions
they believe are morally right and wrong,
as well as the values they place on the
kinds of objects they believe are morally
good and morally bad. Some ethicists
equate moral standards with moral
values and moral principles.
•Non-moral standards refer to rules
that are unrelated to moral or ethical
considerations. Either these standards
are not necessarily linked to morality
or by nature lack ethical sense. Basic
examples of non-moral standards
include rules of etiquette, fashion
standards, rules in games, and various
house rules.
•Technically, religious rules,
some traditions, and legal
statutes (i.e. laws and
ordinances) are non-moral
principles, though they can be
ethically relevant depending on
some factors and contexts.
• THE FOLLOWING SIX (6)
CHARACTERISTICS OF
MORAL STANDARDS
FURTHER
DIFFERENTIATE THEM
FROM NON-MORAL
STANDARDS:
• A. Moral standards
involve serious
wrongs or significant
benefits.
• B. Moral
standards ought
to be preferred to
other values.
• C. Moral standards
are not established
by authority figures.
•D. Moral standards
have the trait of
universalizability.
•E. Moral standards
are based on
impartial
considerations.
• F. Moral standards
are associated with
special emotions and
vocabulary.
D. CONSCIENCE
•Conscience, according to Thomas Aquinas,
one of the most profound
thinkers/philosophers/ theologians of the
Middle ages, defines conscience as “the
application of knowledge to activity (Summa
Theologiae,I-II). He goes on to explain:
“Conscience is the act of determining that
which I ought to do or not do, or that I was
right or wrong in performing that action.”
•This issue here is what is the process
by which one determines whether one
is using conscience appropriately?
Aquinas reflects that in order to use
conscience effectively, because
Aquinas believed that one obliged to
always follow one’s conscience,
•Conscience and Corporate
Culture advances the constructive
dialogue on a moral conscience for
corporations. Written for educators in
the field of business ethics and practicing
corporate executives, the book serves as
a platform on a subject profoundly
 E. INDIVIDUAL
INTERGRITY AND
RESPONSIBILITY
•Integrity- the quality of being
honest and having strong moral
principles or moral
uprightness. It is a personal
choice to hold one's self to
consistent standards
•Integrity means following your
moral/ethical convictions and
doing the right thing in all
circumtances, even if no is
watching you. Having integrity
means you arr true to yourself
and would do nothing that
•Responsibility - a duty or
obligations to satisfactorily perform
or complete a task (assingned by
someone or created by ones own
promises or circumtances) that one
must fulfill and which has a
consent penalty for failure.
•RESPONSIBLE BEHAVIOR
•1. Honesty
•2. Courage
• 3. Compassion/Respect
• 4. Accountability
• 5. Fairness
F. THE RELATIONSHIP
BETWEEN ETHICS AND
BUSINESS
•The Relationship Between and Ethics
are linked. Ones of moral compass
influences the decision they make in
business. … The relationship between
ethics and business and ethics
intrinsically entwined. A successful
company is one which can effectively
recognize and cultivate the
HOW DOES ETHICS PLAY A ROLE IN
BUSINESS
• Sale of good act
• Limits to advertising
• Relationship between employee and employer
• Social responsibility
• Corporate responsibility
• Costumer service
G. MORALITY OF
PROFIT
•In such a world, profit is merely a
symbol of community value. ...
Profits earned honestly in the market
are moral. They arise fromorality and
they reinforce morality. The search
for profit through voluntary exchange
teaches people to be civil.