AJ EYO, RCRIM

INTRODUCTION TO CRIMINOLOGY & PSYCHOLOGY OF

CRIMES

CRIMINOLOGY- is a social science dealing with the nature, the magnitude and
causes of crimes, the characteristics of criminals and their organizations, the problems
of apprehending and convicting law violators, and the management of jail facilities and
correctional institutions.

Broader sense- is the entire body of knowledge regarding crimes, criminals and the
effort of society to prevent and repress them.
Narrower sense- Scientific study of crimes and criminals.
- Scientific study of crime as a social phenomenon.

CRIMINOLOGY (CRIMINOLOGIA)= comes from Latin word Crimen “accusation”, and

Greek word Logos “study”.
It was coined by an Italian law professor Raffaele Garofalo in 1885.
 EARLY LAWS

Babylonian Code of
Hammurabi- is a collection of the
laws and edicts of the babylonian king
Hammurabi, and the earliest legal code
known in its entirety. A duplicate of the
code, engraved on a block of black diorite
nearly 2.4 m (8ft) high, was unearthed by
a team of archaeologist at Iraq, formerly
ancient Elam during the winter of 1901-
1902. The code is set down in horizontal
columns of cuneiform writing: 16 columns
of text on the front and 28 on the other
side. the text begins with a preamble that
explains the extensive restoration of the
temples and religious cults of Babylonia
and Assyria.
 EARLY LAWS
MOSAIC LAW- it reflects the theocratic disposition of Hebrew society. All crimes
were moral divergence and were punishable only as transgressions against the will of
God. Capital punishment was widely employed, as were ostracism and exile from the
community.

ECCLESIASTICAL LAW- it treat sin and crimes as the same substance and
nature. sexual offenses were harshly punished in medieval times, often by death or
castration.

STATUTE OF ELIZABETH(1563)- possible for persons to testify without

jeopardy.
 EARLY LAWS
ROMAN LAW- is the legal system of ancient Rome, including the legal
developments spanning over a thousand years of jurisprudence, from the Twelve Tables
(c. 449 BC), to the Corpus Juris Civilis (AD 529) ordered by Eastern Roman Emperor
Justinian I. Roman law forms the basic framework for civil law, the most widely used
legal system today, and the terms are sometimes used synonymously. The historical
importance of Roman law is reflected by the continued use of Latin legal terminology in
many legal systems influenced by it, including common law.

KALANTIAW (KALANTIAO) CODE [Phil.]- It was named after its

supposed author, Datu Kalantiaw, who allegedly wrote it in 1433. Datu Kalantiaw was a
chief on the island of Negros. It was written about by Jose E. Marco in 1913 in his
historical fiction "Las Antiguas Leyendes de la Isla de Negros" (The Ancient Legends of
the Island of Negros). He ascribed its source to a priest named Jose Maria Pavon.