SCRAMJET

ANALYSIS

1 Guide: Prof. Krishnendu Sinha By: Pankaj Kumar Singh

Inlet

2
 Scramjet Geometry

Hc = intake
•
height

•M1 = Free
stream
Mach
number

• = Ramp
angle

H3 =
•
Combustion
Chamber
Height

He = Nozzle
•
Height
3
Inlet Geometry and Assumptions

Surface 1

Surface 2

 Heat transfer across the walls are neglected.

 Shock on - lip condition is satisfied.
 No boundary layers
 No boundary layer – shock interaction. 4
 Cp and are Constant
 Theory Used
 Oblique shock relations are used to find
the flow properties after each shock
system.
 We can calculate shock angle for given
deflection by using the given formula

 Once we know , we can calculate

Normal Mach number

5
 Theory Used Cont.

 Once we know normal component of

mach number, we can find the density,
pressure and temperature after the
shock wave by using the formulas
mentioned.
 We can find the Mach number after
the shock wave by using the formula
mentioned in the previous slide.
 With this we can, find the properties
across any number of shock system.

6
1st shock system 2nd shock system 3rd shock system
• Calculate • Calculate • Calculate
Properties Properties Properties
• Mach number • Mach number • Mach number
after shock after shock wave after shock wave
wave

7
 Input (From DRDL) to Code
 Input for inlet
1 - One theta deflection
2 - two theta deflections
3 - three theta deflections
 Altitude = 32 KM
 Enter the number of ramp deflection : 2 (Two Ramp Angles)
 Enter the angle of attack : 4 deg
 Enter Mach number : 6.5
 Enter the free stream pressure in Pascal : 868.02
 Enter the free stream temperature in Kelvin : 228.5
 Enter the value of gamma : 1.36
 Enter theta1 in deg : 14.18
 Enter theta2 in deg : 14.7
8
Results

2
1
3
4

Free stream Condition:

After first Shock : After Second Shock: After Third Shock:
M1 = 6.5
Altitude = 32 km
Pressure P1 = 868.02 Pa M2 = 3.91 M3 = 2.95 M4 = 1.24
Temperature T1 =228.5 K P2 = 7555.46 Pa P3 = 25998.899 Pa P4 = 180116.34 Pa
Hc = 1m T2 = 522.734 K T3 = 763.285 K T4 = 1536.09 K

9
Isolator

10
 Assumptions

 Adiabatic flow
 Constant Area duct
 Gamma is constant
 Gamma and cp will be same as of inlet
 Oblique shock train in isolator

11
 Theory used Cont.
 In a research by Waltrup and Billig, it was observed that for a given imposed
pressure rise (ΔP/P), the length over which the shock train spread varied
as

where,
D is the duct diameter, M is the Mach number of the inflow, θ is the
momentum thickness of the boundary layer and Re is the Reynolds number
based on momentum thick.
 Ortwerth determined that the rate of pressure rise in a duct can be expressed
as,

where,
DH is the hydraulic diameter of the duct, Cf0 is the friction coefficient at the
initial separation point.
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Results
 The length of the shock train is : 0.146 m
 The Mach Number after the isolator is : 1.0623
 The Temperature after the isolator is : 1634.263 K

13
 The Pressure after the isolator is : 2.1641e+05 Pa
Pressure Variation along Isolator
240
Thousands

220

200
Pressure variation

180
AOA = 0
AOA = 4

160

140

120
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3
Isolator Length (m)

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 Combustion Chamber
Varying Heat Input + Friction + Varying Cross
Section Area

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 Combustion Assumption
 Area is not constant
 Uniform Heat addition
 No boundary layer effects
 No heat transfer through walls
 No shock Train Present
 Rectangular Combustion
Chamber
 No Dissociation in Combustion
 Equivalence Ratio is Constant

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 Complete sets of equation

Velocity

Where,

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Pressure

Density

Temperature

18
 Input to code
 Length of the combustor = 0.5m
 Width of the combustor = 0.4m
 Thickness of the combustor = 0.076m
 Pressure at inlet of combustor chamber = 2.1641e+05 Pa
 Temperature at inlet of combustor chamber = 1634.263 K
 Mach number at the entry = 1.0623
 Equivalence Ratio = 0.5
 Gamma = 1.27
 Angle of combustor chamber = 2 deg
 Type of Fuel = Ethane (Hydrocarbon)
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Result: Pressure Variation
The pressure after the combustor chamber is : 1.7816e+05

20
Temperature Variation

The Temperature after the combustor chamber is : 1.8499e+03

21
Mach Number Variation

The Mach number after the combustor chamber is : 1.1477

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Total Pressure Variation

The Total pressure after the combustor chamber is : 3.8474e+05

23
Total Temperature Variation

The Total Temperature after the combustor chamber is : 2.1789e+03

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 Pressure variation for different theta for Ethane

Total Pressure Variation for different Pressure Variation for different theta
theta 160

Thousands
320
Thousands

150

140
300

130

280
120
Total Pressure

Pressure
5 Deg
5 Deg 110
260 2 Deg
2 Deg
3 Deg
3 Deg 100
4 Deg
240 4 Deg
90

80
220

70

200
60
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6
0 0.2 0.4 0.6
Combustor Length
Combustor Length

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Pressure Variation for different Fuels

Pressure Vs Combustor Length

180
Thousands

150

120
Pressure

90 hydrogen
Methane
Ethane
60

30

0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6
Combustor Length

26
Total Pressure Variation for different Fuels

Total Pressure Vs Combustor Length

330
Thousands

310

290

270

250
Total Pressure

230
hydrogen
210 Methane

190 Ethane

170

150

130

110
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6
Combustor Length
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Temperature Variation for different Fuels

Temperature Vs Combustor Length

3500

3000

2500
Temperature

2000
hydrogen

1500 Methane
Ethane

1000

500

0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6
Combustor Length

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Nozzle

29
Assumptions:
 Isentropic Flow
 Inviscid and irrotational flow
 Full Expansion condition
 Single Ramp Expansion Nozzle
 Gamma is constant.
 No boundary layer effects

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 Methodology
 Once we know the theta at every intermediate point, then we can
find the value of X and Y and then contour shape using straight
line equation.
 Height of the contour can be calculated using the formula

and, the Area ratio can be find out using

Once, we know height and turning angle, we can find the X and Y

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Input to code and Result
 Mach number : Exit Mach number of combustor = 1.14
 N : No of Characteristics lines = 7

 Exit Mach Number = 3.5

 Length of the nozzle = 1.596m 32
 Cycle analysis and flight analysis
1
 Thermal efficiency: 𝜂 𝑇 = 1 − = 𝟖𝟗. 𝟒𝟏 %
𝜏𝑟
2
 Propulsive efficiency: 𝜂𝑝 = 𝜏𝜆
= 𝟗𝟗. 𝟕 %
𝜏𝑟
+1

 Overall efficiency: 𝜂𝑜 = 𝜂 𝑇 ∗ 𝜂𝑝 = 𝟖𝟗. 𝟏𝟖 %

 Fuel estimation:
 Fuel required to achieve certain range can be calculated by using Breguet’s Range formula
 For Range = 1000 Km and Lift – to – Drag ratio : 2
𝑔0
 Breguet’s Range Formula: Π𝑓 = 1 − 𝑒 −𝐵𝑅 , 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑅 𝑖𝑠 𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵 = 𝑐
𝜂𝑜 ℎ𝑝𝑟 (1−𝜙𝑒 )𝑐 𝑙
𝑑
𝑔0 𝑅
 BR = 𝑐 = 0.124
𝜂𝑜 ℎ𝑝𝑟 (1−𝜙𝑒 )𝑐 𝑙
𝑑

 Π𝑓 = 1 − 𝑒 −0.124 = 0.1169

 i. e. 𝟏𝟏. 𝟔𝟗% 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐨𝐭𝐚𝐥 𝐢𝐧𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐰𝐞𝐢𝐠𝐡𝐭 33

Thanks and Questions ??

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