ANATOMY OF THE

FEMALE
REPRODUCTIVE
SYSTEM
The gross anatomy, blood, nerve supply and lymphatic drainage of:
 Uterus
 Fallopian tube
 Ovary

- MUHAMMAD AMINUDIN -
- 047074 -
 The Gross Anatomy of Uterus
• A thick-walled, pear-shaped & hollow organ
• Lies in the pelvis, between urinary bladder & rectum
• Consists of 2 main parts:
Fundus

1. Body Body
- Upper expanded part (2/3) of uterus
- Communicates with uterine tube
- Has the uterine cavity
Isthmus
2. Cervix
- Lower cylindrical part (1/3) of uterus Cervix
- Has the cervical canal
*Fundus – upper end of uterus
Part of the cervix
• It is 2.5 cm long; has 2 parts:
1. Supravaginal part of the cervix
- located between isthmus and vagina
IO
2. Vaginal part of the cervix
- Projects into the vagina
EO
- The spaces between it & vaginal wall are
called vaginal fornices
- It contains cervical canal Cervical
Vaginal
canal
fornix

* Nulliparous woman – external os is small &

circular
* Multiparous woman – external os is
bounded by anterior and posterior lips Nulliparous Mulliparous
cervix cervix
 The Gross Anatomy of Fallopian
Tubes
• The length is 10 cm and lies in the mesosalpinx
• Has 2 openings:
1. To the peritoneal cavity (through abdominal ostium)
2. To the uterine cavity (through uterine ostium)
• It is divided into 4 parts; from lateral to medial:
1. Infundibulum
– funnel-shaped with fimbriae; opens into peritoneal
cavity through abdominal ostium
2. Ampulla
– widest & longest part; the site of fertilization

3. Isthmus
– thick-walled, narrowest part; just lateral to uterus

4. Intramural
- Lies within the lateral wall of uterine
 The Gross Anatomy of Ovary
nulliparous multiparous
• A paired, almond-shaped female gonads in
pelvic cavity
• Lies posterior to the uterine tube
• Position:
- Nulliparous – long axis is vertical
- Multiparous – long axis lies horizontal
• It has:
i. 2 poles (upper/tubal) and (lower/uterine)
ii. 2 borders (anterior and posterior)
iii. 2 surfaces (lateral and medial)

Uterus
Uterine artery
- main artery supplying the uterus
- Passes medially towards cervix;
crosses above the ureter
Ovarian artery – collateral supply
- Supply side of uterus
Uterine vein
- run in the broad ligament
- Form the uterine venous plexus
- The plexus drains into internal iliac
veins
Blood Supply
Fallopian Tube Ovary
Uterine artery
- arises from anterior division of internal iliac artery
- Supply the ovary through mesovarium, medial 2/3 of fallopian tubes through
mesosalpinx
Ovarian artery
- arises from the abdominal aorta
- Enters the suspensory ligament of the ovary
- Passes through the mesovarium to supply:
1. The ovary
2. Lateral 1/3 uterine tube
Ovarian vein
- Small veins from ovary; form a pampiniform plexus
- The plexus merges to form a single ovarian vein
a) Rt side – drains into IVC
b) Lt side – drains into left renal vein
Tubal vein
- Drains into the uterine veins
 Venous Drainage

Tubal vein

Rt. Ovarian Lt. Ovarian

vein vein
 Nerve Supply
Uterus Fallopian tube Ovary
Sympathetic Innervation -Efferent fibres arise from T12 to - From T10 to L1 segments of spinal cord from
L1 spinal cord segments hypogastric plexuses
-Produce uterine contraction and
vasoconstriction of uterine
vessels

Parasympathetic -Efferent fibres arise from S2,S3 - From pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2,S3 and S4)
Innervation and S4 spinal cord segments
-Inhibits uterine contraction &
produce vasodilatation of uterine
vessels
-Pain fibres (afferent) during
childbirth pass through pelvic
splanchnic nerves to S2-S4
segments
 Lymphatic Drainage
Uterus Fallopian Tube Ovary

From fundus: Lymphatic drainage is to the lumbar lymph nodes

1. Lumbar LN
2. External Iliac LN

From uterotubal junction:

3. Superficial Inguinal LN

From body of uterus:

4. External Iliac LN

From cervix of uterus:

5. Sacral LN
6. Internal Iliac LN
 THANK YOU
REFERENCES
1. Anatomy of Female Reproductive System by Prof. Dr. Asma’ Hassan
2. https://teachmeanatomy.info/pelvis/female-reproductive-tract/liga
ments
/
3. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tubal_branch_of_uterine_artery
4. https://www.pinterest.com/pin/403072235373788311/