Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Part-I
Syllabus
• Elements of Traffic Engineering and Traffic control.
Elements of Traffic Engineering and
Traffic Control
Def: Traffic Engineering
• Traffic engineering is that branch of engineering which deals with planning and
geometric design of streets, highway, abutting lands, and operating traffic
systems to achieve safe, economical, convenient and efficient movement of
persons and goods.
• Object of Traffic Engineering:
• To achieve free and rapid flow of traffic with least number of traffic accident.
• Factors affecting Traffic:
• The Roaduser
• The Vehicle
• The Roadway
• The environment
Drivers of various types of vehicles and pedestrians are known as road user.
They are human being, hence affected by so many factors.
Elements of Traffic Engineering and
Traffic Control
Vehicles are classified as:
• Motorised
• Non-Motarised
• Vehicular characteristics
• The roadways type, riding quality, maintenance, surface,
texture, light, reflection/ absorption, friction, drainage,
weather resistance etc. are influencing the traffic.
• The environment considers for temperature, heat, cold,
fog, mist, rainfall etc.
and their effects on traffic operation and human being.
Major Sections of Traffic Engineering
Elements of Traffic Engineering:
• Traffic characteristics
• Traffic studies and analysis- Traffic survey
• Traffic operation- Control and regulation-TCD
• Planning and analysis
• Geometric design
• Traffic Management and Administration
Traffic Characteristics
• Roaduser Characteristics
• Vehicular Characteristics
Roaduser Characteristics
Vehicular Characteristics
Traffic Survey
• It is quite important to study the various vehicular
characteristics which affect the design and traffic
performance, because it is possible to design, a road for
any vehicle but not for an indefinite vehicle. It will not be
economically feasible to keep on increasing the geometric
standards and thickness of pavement from time to time to
meet the needs of a few vehicles whose weight and
dimensions are increased.
• Traffic studies are carried out to analyse the traffic
characteristics to decide geometric features and traffic
control for safe and efficient movements.
Major types of survey are as below:
Traffic Volume Study:
• On a road with two centre lines, of which one is solid and the
other broken, the solid line has significance only it it is on the
left side of the combination as viewed by the driver.
• In such a case, the driver must be careful not to cross or
straddle the centre line.
• If the line on your side is broken, you may cross or straddle it.
OverTake - but only if it is safe to do so.
• If the line on your side is continuous you must not cross or
straddle it.
Stop Line.
Interchanges
At Grade (Grade Separated)
Channelized Unchannelized
Intersections
• All road intersection which meet at above the
same level allowing traffic manuoeuvres like
merging, diverging, crossing, and wearing are
called intersection at grade.
Intersections
Channelized Intersection
• Is acheved by introducing islands into the
intersection area to reduce conflicts. The
intersection area is paved and there is absolutely no
restriction to vehicles to use any part of inter
section area.
• When there is intolerable congestion and accidents
at the intersection of two highways carrying very
heavy traffic grade seperated intersection are
provided which are known as interchange.
Rotary Intersections
• A rotary intersection is an enlarged road
intersection where all converging vehicles are
forced to move round a large control island in
one direcion (clockwise) before they can
weave out of traffic flow into their respective
directions radiating from the control island.
Intersections
Intersections
Intersections
Planning and Analysis
• Planning of traffic on major highways, mass transit
facilities, parking and terminal faciities are carried out
as per existing data collection and need of people. The
information collected are analysed with respect to past
trends and future expectations.
• Planning and Analysis is carried out in 4 stages:
• Trip Generation
• Trip Distribution
• Model Split
• Traffic Assignment
Geometric Design
• All the elements such as pavements cross
section, riding surface details, sight distance
reqirement, horizontal and vertical alignment,
manoevre areas and intersections and parking
facilities are to be suitable designed for better
performance.
Administrating and Managment
• Traffic department is administrating and
managing the traffic. Traffic police are guiding
and enforcing traffic discipline. Traffic laws
and regulations are enforced for traffic
management. Traffic engineering division
deals with improvement of road geometrics,
providing additional road facilities and
installation of suitably designed traffic control
devices.
Thanks