Composite Shapes

with
Circular Parts

© T Madas
© T Madas
A semicircle has a radius of 9 cm.
• Calculate its area
• Calculate its perimeter

127 cm2
A= π x r2

c
9 cm A= π x9
2

c
A ≈ 254 cm2

© T Madas
A semicircle has a radius of 9 cm.
• Calculate its area
• Calculate its perimeter

28.25 cm

C= 2x π x r

c
9 cm C= 2x π x9

c
C ≈ 56.5 cm

P = 28.25 + 18 = 46.25 cm

© T Madas
© T Madas
A quarter-circle has a radius of 16 cm.
• Calculate its area
• Calculate its perimeter

201 cm2 A= π x r2

c
16 cm A= π x 18
2

c
A ≈ 804 cm2

© T Madas
A quarter-circle has a radius of 16 cm.
• Calculate its area
• Calculate its perimeter

25.1 cm

C= 2x π x r

c
16 cm C= 2x π x 16

c
C ≈ 100.53 cm

P = 25.1 + 16 + 16 = 57.1 cm

© T Madas
© T Madas
Calculate the perimeter and area of the following
composite shape.

1
4 cm
P = 10 + 8 + 10 + 2
x2 x π x4
P = 28 + 4 x π
10 cm

P ≈ 40.6 cm

8 cm

C =2 x π xr

© T Madas
Calculate the perimeter and area of the following
composite shape.

A2 1
4 cm
P = 10 + 8 + 10 + 2
x2 x π x4
P = 28 + 4 x π
10 cm

A1 P ≈ 40.6 cm

1
A = 10 x 8 + 2
x π x 42
8 cm
A = 80 + 8 x π
C =2 x π xr A ≈ 105 cm2
A=π xr2

© T Madas
© T Madas
Calculate the perimeter & area of the grey region below.

6 cm

© T Madas
Calculate the perimeter & area of the grey region below.

The perimeter of the grey area is

equal to …
… the circumference of a circle
of radius …
… 3 cm
6 cm
P= 2 x π x3
P ≈ 18.8 cm
C =2 x π xr
A=π xr2

© T Madas
Calculate the perimeter & area of the grey region below.

The area of the grey area is

equal to …
… the area of a square
with side 6 cm …
… less …
… the area of a circle of
radius 3 cm
6 cm
A=6x6 – π x 32
C =2 x π xr A = 36 – 9 x π

A=π xr2 A ≈ 7.73 cm2

© T Madas
© T Madas
Calculate the perimeter & area of the following shape

The perimeter is equal to …

… the circumference of a
semi-circle of radius 20 cm …
10 cm
… plus …
40 cm
… the circumference of a
circle of radius 10 cm …

1
P = [2 x π x 20 ] x 2
+2 x π x 10
P = 20 π + 20 π
C =2 x π xr P = 40 π
A=π xr2 P ≈ 125.7 cm

© T Madas
Calculate the perimeter & area of the following shape

The total area is equal to …

… the area of a semi-circle of
radius 20 cm …
10 cm
… plus …
40 cm
… the area of a circle of
radius 10 cm …

A = [ π x 20 2 ] x 12 + π x 102
A = 200 π + 100 π
C =2 x π xr A = 300 π
A=π xr2 A ≈ 942 cm2

© T Madas
© T Madas
The figure below shows a pond made up of two squares and
two identical quarter circles with a radius of 4 m.
Calculate to 2 decimal places:
1. the perimeter of the pond.
2. the area of the pond

4m 4m

© T Madas
The figure below shows a pond made up of two squares and
two identical quarter circles with a radius of 4 m.
Calculate to 2 decimal places:
1. the perimeter of the pond.
2. the area of the pond
4 C = 2xπxr

c c
6.28
? C = 2 xπx4
4
C ≈ 25.13m
4m 4m Each curved edge is ¼ of the
4 ?
6.28
circumference of a full circle.

4 25.13 ÷ 4 ≈ 6.28 m

P=4 x 4 + 2 x 6.28 ≈ 28.57 m

© T Madas
The figure below shows a pond made up of two squares and
two identical quarter circles with a radius of 4 m.
Calculate to 2 decimal places:
1. the perimeter of the pond.
2. the area of the pond

A = πxr2

c c c
16 m2 A = π x42
12.57 m2
A = π x 16
4m 4m
12.57 m2 A ≈ 50.27 m2
16 m2

Area of a 50.27 ÷ 4 ≈ 12.57 m 2

Quarter Circle
P=2 x 16 + 2 x 12.57 ≈ 57.14 m2

© T Madas
© T Madas
Calculate the perimeter & area of the following shape:

The perimeter is equal to …

4m … the circumference of …
… 8 semi-circles of radius 4 m …
… or …
16 m
… 4 circles of radius 4 m …

P = [2 x π x 4]x 4
P = 32 π
P ≈ 100.5 m
C =2 x π xr
A=π xr2

© T Madas
Calculate the perimeter & area of the following shape:

The total area is equal to …

4m … the area of a square with
side length of 16 m …
… plus …
16 m
… the area of 4 circles of
radius 4 m …

A = 16 x 16 + [π x 4 ]x 4
2

A = 256 + 64 x π
C =2 x π xr A ≈ 457 m2
A=π xr2

© T Madas
© T Madas
Calculate the perimeter & area of the following shape:

The perimeter is equal to …

… the circumference of a
semi-circle of radius 14 cm …
… plus …
7 cm … the circumference of a
28 cm circle of radius 7 cm …
1
P = [2 x π x 14 ] x 2
+2 x π x7
C =2 x π xr P = 14 π + 14 π
P = 28 π
A=π xr 2

P ≈ 88.0 cm

© T Madas
Calculate the perimeter & area of the following shape:

The total area is equal to …

… the area of a semi-circle of
radius 14 cm …
… less…
7 cm … the area of a circle of
28 cm radius 7 cm …

1
A = [ π x 14 2 ] x 2
– π x 72
C =2 x π xr A = 98 π – 49 π
A = 49 π
A=π xr 2

A ≈ 154 cm2

© T Madas
Harder Problems

© T Madas
© T Madas
 Find the area of the heart in terms of a

Area of square: AS = a
2

2 semi-circles = circle
a
Note that the circle’s radius is:
2
2
AC = p r = p
2 a 1p a2
(2 ) = 4

AT = AS + AC = a 2+ 14 p a 2 = a 2 ( 1 + 1p
4
) = a (1 + p4 )
2

© T Madas
© T Madas
© T Madas
Calculate in terms of π the area of the composite shape
drawn below which consists of three semicircles of unit
radius and the area enclosed by them.

© T Madas
Calculate in terms of π the area of the composite shape
drawn below which consists of three semicircles of unit
radius and the area enclosed by them.

solution

© T Madas
Calculate in terms of π the area of the composite shape
drawn below which consists of three semicircles of unit
radius and the area enclosed by them.

Ac = π r 2

c
Ac = π x 12

c
Ac = π

the total area is

the area of this composite consists of a circle of unit radius

plus a 1 by 2 rectangle

© T Madas
Calculate in terms of π the area of the composite shape
drawn below which consists of three semicircles of unit
radius and the area enclosed by them.

Ac = π r 2

c
Ac = π x 12

c
Ac = π

the total area is π + 2

the area of this composite consists of a circle of unit radius

plus a 1 by 2 rectangle

© T Madas
© T Madas
© T Madas
 Find the area enclosed by the 4 circles in terms of a

Area of the square:

As = (2a )2 = 4a 2

a 4 quarter-circles = circle
Ac = p a 2

AG = AS - AC = 4a - p a = a ( 4 - p
2 2 2
)
© T Madas
© T Madas
© T Madas
Find the exact area of the orange “petal”

Billy wants a hint ...

© T Madas
© T Madas
Find the exact area of the orange “petal”
one of the blue regions:
area of the square
less the area of the quarter circle

a2 - 1p
4
a2 = a2(1 - 1p
4
)
both blue regions
a 2a 2 ( 1 - 1
4
p )
The area of the “petal” is given by the area of the
square less the area of the two blue regions:
a 2 - 2a 2 ( 1- 1p
4
) = a 2- 1p a2 =
2a 2 + 2 1p
2
a2 - a2
= a 2 ( 21 p - 1 )
© T Madas
© T Madas
Vase equals Square

© T Madas
Vase equals Square
Look at this vase shaped object
a
It consists of 6 identical arcs
Each arc is a quarter circle
a If the quarter circles to which
these arcs correspond have

?
radius a, find the area of this
object

© T Madas
Vase equals Square
Look at this vase shaped object
a
It consists of 6 identical arcs
Each arc is a quarter circle
a If the quarter circles to which
these arcs correspond have

?
radius a, find the area of this
object

1st hint 2nd hint

© T Madas
Vase equals Square
a

1st hint 2nd hint

© T Madas
The area of this object is equal to the area of the
Vase equals
square on the right.
Square
No complex calculations needed !
a

4a 2

1st hint 2nd hint

© T Madas
© T Madas
© T Madas
© T Madas
In the following Yin – Yang symbol calculate the area
and perimeter of each of its two identical sections

© T Madas
In the following Yin – Yang symbol calculate the area
and perimeter of each of its two identical sections

© T Madas
In the following Yin – Yang symbol calculate the area
and perimeter of each of its two identical sections

Area
working with the green section:

These semicircles both

have a radius of a
4

© T Madas
In the following Yin – Yang symbol calculate the area
and perimeter of each of its two identical sections

Area
working with the green section:
The area of the green section
of the Yin Yang is equal to the
area of a semicircle

These semicircles both

have a radius of a
4

© T Madas
In the following Yin – Yang symbol calculate the area
and perimeter of each of its two identical sections

Area
working with the green section:
A= 2 ( )
1´ p ´ a 2 Û
2
1 ´ p ´ a2
A= 2 Û
2
4
p
A= 8a 2
A= p a
8

© T Madas
In the following Yin – Yang symbol calculate the area
and perimeter of each of its two identical sections

Perimeter
working with the green section;
the required perimeter is given
by:

p a 2 the circumference of a circle of

A= 8
diameter a
2
a plus the circumference of a
semicircle of diameter a

© T Madas
In the following Yin – Yang symbol calculate the area
and perimeter of each of its two identical sections

Perimeter

P = p ´ a2 + 1 ´ p ´ a Û
2

P = pa + pa
2
Û
2
p a 2
A= 8 P =pa

© T Madas
© T Madas
Spiral Galaxies
Comets
Yin Yang
Marbles

© T Madas
Look at the shape below, consisting of three sections.
Calculate the area and perimeter of these sections.

© T Madas
Look at the shape below, consisting of three sections.
Calculate the area and perimeter of these sections.

© T Madas
Look at the shape below, consisting of three sections.
Calculate the area and perimeter of these sections.

TheArea
blueof the blue
sections aresections
congruent
p a2
72
A= 2 (6)
1´ p ´ a 2 Û

1´ a 2
A= 2 p ´ Û
36
p a 2
A = 72
a

This semicircle has

a radius of a
6

© T Madas
Look at the shape below, consisting of three sections.
Calculate the area and perimeter of these sections.

Area of the blue sections

p a2
72
A= 2 ( 3)
1 ´ p ´ a 2 - 1´ p ´ a 2 Û
(2 ) 2
A= 1´ a
p ´ 4 - 21 ´
2
p ´ a 2
Û
2 9
p a2 - p a2 p a 2 p a 2
8 18 A = 8 - 18
a
This semicircle
has a radius of
a
3
This semicircle
has a radius of
a
2 © T Madas
Look at the shape below, consisting of three sections.
Calculate the area and perimeter of these sections.

p a2 Area of the blue sections

12
p a2 A= p a 2
- p a 2
+ p a 2
Û
72 8 18 72
p a2 A = p a 2( 18
- 1 + 1 )
18 72 Û
12
p a2 - p a2
8 18 A = p a 2( 72 72 72 )
9 - 4 + 1
Û
a A= 6p a 2
Û
72
A= p a 2
12

© T Madas
Look at the shape below, consisting of three sections.
Calculate the area and perimeter of these sections.

p a2 Area of the orange section

12
p a2 This is best found by subtracting
12
the areas of the two blue sections
p a2 we just found from the whole circle
12

(2 )
a a a
2 p 2 2
A= p ´ - - p Û
12 12
a p a 2
p a 2
A = 4 - 12 - 12p a 2
Û
A = p a 2( 1
4
- 1 - 1 )
12 12
Û
A = p a 2( 12 12 )
3 - 1 - 1
12 Û
A= pa
2
12
© T Madas
Look at the shape below, consisting of three sections.
Calculate the area and perimeter of these sections.

perimeter of a blue section

P= pa

a
P= 21 ´ p ´ a + 1 ´ p ´ 2a + 1 ´ p ´ a Û
3 2 3 2
P = p6a + pa + pa Û
3 2
P = p a (1 + 1 + 1 ) Û
6 3 2
P = p a (1 + 2 + 3 )
6 6 6
© T Madas
Look at the shape below, consisting of three sections.
Calculate the area and perimeter of these sections.

perimeter of a blue section

P= pa

perimeter of the orange section

P= pa
a
P= 2( 3 2 )
1 ´ p ´ a + 1 ´ p ´ 2a ´ 2
3
Û
(
P = p6a + p a ´ 2
3 ) Û
P = 2p a ( 1 + 1 ) Û
6 3
P = 2p a ( 1 + 2 )
6 6
© T Madas
The generalisations of the Yin Yang shape:

The circle in every case :

•is divided by curved lines of equal lengths
•the resulting regions have equal perimeters
•the resulting regions have equal areas

© T Madas
© T Madas
© T Madas
 Find the grey area enclosed
by the 3 circles in terms of a
The grey area is equal to
the area of an equilateral
triangle of side 2a less a
a
semicircle of radius a
Area of Triangle: 3a 2
= 1 ´ 2a ´ 2a ´ sin60o
2
= 2a 2´ sin60o
3
= 2a 2 ´ 2
60° = 3a 2
2a
© T Madas
 Find the grey area enclosed
by the 3 circles in terms of a
The grey area is equal to
the area of an equilateral
triangle of side 2a less a
a
semicircle of radius a
Area of Triangle: 3a 2
1p a2
Area of semicircle: 2

The grey area:

3a 2- 1p
2
a 2 = a2( 3 - 1p
2
)
© T Madas
© T Madas
© T Madas
Three cylindrical broomsticks each of radius a
are held together by an elastic band.
How long is the elastic band in terms of a ?

Solution

all the distances between

the centres of the circles
60° are 2a , so we have an
equilateral triangle at the
centre.

© T Madas
Three cylindrical broomsticks each of radius a
are held together by an elastic band.
How long is the elastic band in terms of a ?

Solution
120° Draw radii as shown towards
the elastic band.
60° The radii must be at right
angles at the points of
contact with the elastic
band. (tangent – radius)
a
We can now work another
useful angle

© T Madas
Three cylindrical broomsticks each of radius a
are held together by an elastic band.
How long is the elastic band in terms of a ?
1´
3 2p a
Solution
120° We can now calculate some
lengths.
60° Each straight piece (not in
contact with the circles) has
length 2a
a Each arc corresponds to one
third of a circle
Finally do all the adding

© T Madas
Three cylindrical broomsticks each of radius a
are held together by an elastic band.
How long is the elastic band in terms of a ?
1´
3 2p a
Solution
120°
3´ (2a + 23 p a)
60°
= 6a + 2p a

= 2a ( 3 + p )
a

© T Madas
© T Madas
© T Madas
 Three concentric circles
have radii of 3, 4 and 5
units, as shown opposite.
What percentage of the
largest circle is shaded?

A=p r 2

Annulus:
A3 = p ´ 32 = 9p A4 - A3 = 16p - 9p = 7p
A4 = p ´ 42 = 16p
A5 = p ´ 52 = 25p 7p = 7 =
So:
25p 25 28%
© T Madas
© T Madas
© T Madas
 D Marcus has two circular
railway lines, one with
radius of 1.5 metres and
2 the other with radius of
2 metres.
C A He runs an engine
clockwise round each
track at the same speed
from the start line of the
diagram.

B Where would the engine

on the outer track be,
out of A, B, C or D when
the engine on the inner
track has made 11
complete circuits?
© T Madas
 D
A circuit on the inner track:
2 ´ p ´ 1.5 = 3p
A circuit on the outer track:
2 2´ p ´ 2 = 4p
11 complete circuits on the
C inner track:
A 3p ´ 11 = 33p

Both engines travel at the

same speed, so the engine
on the outer track must also
cover a distance of 33π,
B with each circuit in the
The engine on the outer outer track being 4π
track will be at point B when 33p 33
the engine on the inner track 4p
= 4
= 8 14 circuits
has completed 11 circuits.
© T Madas
© T Madas