Chapter 1

8 Principles of
Balanced Literacy
Instruction

Literacy for the 21st Century, 6th ed. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Gail E. Tompkins 3
 Chapter 1
Principle 1:
Effective Teachers Understand How
Students Learn

Behaviorism Sociolinguistics
Sociocultural Theory
Constructivism Situated Learning Theory
Schema Theory Critical Literacy
Inquiry Learning
Engagement Theory Information Processing
Interactive Models
Transactive Theory
Strategic Behaviors

Literacy for the 21st Century, 6th ed. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Gail E. Tompkins 4
 Chapter 1
Principle 2:
Effective Teachers Support Students’ Use
of the Cueing Systems

 The Phonological System

 The Syntactic System
 The Semantic System
 The Pragmatic System

Literacy for the 21st Century, 6th ed. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Gail E. Tompkins 5
 Chapter 1
Principle 3:
Effective Teachers Create a Community
of Learners
 Safety
 Respect
 High Expectations
 Risk Taking

 Collaboration

 Choice

 Responsibility

 Family and community Involvement

Literacy for the 21st Century, 6th ed. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Gail E. Tompkins 6
 Chapter 1
Principle 4:
Effective Teachers Adopt a Balanced
Approach to Instruction

 Characteristics of a balanced approach

 Components of a balanced approach
 Common Core State Standards

Literacy for the 21st Century, 6th ed. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Gail E. Tompkins 7
 Chapter 1
Principle 5:
Effective Teachers Scaffold Students’
Reading and Writing

 Modeled Reading and Writing

 Shared Reading and Writing
 Interactive Reading and Writing
 Guided Reading and Writing
 Independent Reading and Writing

Literacy for the 21st Century, 6th ed. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Gail E. Tompkins 8
 Chapter 1
Principle 6:
Effective Teachers Organize for
Literacy Instruction

 Basal Reading Programs

 Literature Focus Units
 Literature Circles
 Reading and Writing Workshop
 Nurturing English Learners

Literacy for the 21st Century, 6th ed. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Gail E. Tompkins 9
 Chapter 1
Principle 7:
Effective Teachers Differentiate
Instruction

 Differentiating the Content

 Differentiating the Process
 Differentiating the Products

Literacy for the 21st Century, 6th ed. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Gail E. Tompkins 10
 Chapter 1
Principle 8:
Effective Teachers Link
Instruction and Assessment

 4 steps to link instruction and assessment

 Planning

 Monitoring

 Evaluating

 Reflecting

 Classroom Assessment Tools

 High Stakes Tests

Literacy for the 21st Century, 6th ed. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Gail E. Tompkins 11
 Chapter 1

How Effective Teachers Teach

Reading and Writing

 Teachers apply learning theories as they teach reading and

writing.
 Teachers create a community of learners in their
classrooms.
 Teachers adopt the balanced approach to literacy
instruction.
 Teachers differentiate instruction so all students can be
successful.
 Teachers link instruction and assessment.
Literacy for the 21st Century, 6th ed. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Gail E. Tompkins 12
 Chapter 2

The Reading Process

 Stage 1: Prereading
 Stage 2: Reading
 Stage 3: Responding
 Stage 4: Exploring
 Stage 5: Applying

Literacy for the 21st Century, 6th ed. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Gail E. Tompkins 13
 Chapter 2

How Effective Teachers Teach the

Reading and Writing Process
 Teachers use the reading process—prereading, reading, responding,
exploring, and applying—to ensure that students comprehend books they
read.
 Teachers provide opportunities for students to use varied types of
reading, including independent reading, guided reading, and interactive
read-alouds.
 Teachers teach students how to use the writing process—prewriting,
drafting, revising, editing, and publishing—to write and refine their
compositions.
 Teachers teach students about the writer’s craft. Including the six traits.
 Teachers integrate reading and writing because they’re reciprocal
meaning-making processes.
Literacy for the 21st Century, 6th ed. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Gail E. Tompkins 14