20thCentury

Architecture
 20th Century Architecture
Also known as Modern
Architecture
Buildings are designed
for “modern man”
construction of a new
generation of supertall
buildings or 'towers'
 INNOVATIONS
CURTAIN WALL
is an outer covering
of a building in which
the outer walls are
non-structural, but
merely keep the
weather out and the
occupants in.
 INNOVATIONS
CURTAIN WALL
The development
and widespread use
of structural steel and
later reinforced
concrete allowed
relatively small
columns to support
large loads
 INNOVATIONS
PLATE GLASS
Flat glass; sheet glass
initially produced in
plane form,
commonly used
for windows, glass
doors, transparent
walls & windscreens
 INNOVATIONS
FOLDED SLAB
Also FOLDED PLATE
Eugene Freysinnet
 INNOVATIONS
FOLDED SLAB:
Structural behavior
 INNOVATIONS
FOLDED SLAB:
Types
 INNOVATIONS
FOLDED SLAB: Applications
 INNOVATIONS
FOLDED SLAB:Actual Buildings
 INNOVATIONS
FOLDED SLAB:Actual Buildings
 INNOVATIONS
FOLDED SLAB:Actual Buildings
 INNOVATIONS
FOLDED SLAB:Actual Buildings
 INNOVATIONS
FOLDED SLAB:Actual Buildings
 INNOVATIONS
LAMINATED TIMBER
a type of
structural engineered
wood product
comprising a number
of layers
of dimensioned
lumber bonded
together with durable,
moisture-resistant
structural adhesives.
 INNOVATIONS
LAMINATED TIMBER
provides the same
strength and
versatility of large
wood members
without relying on the
old growth-
dependent solid-
sawn timbers
 INNOVATIONS
LAMINATED TIMBER
The high strength and
stiffness of laminated
timbers enable
glulam beams and
arches to span large
distances without
intermediate columns
 INNOVATIONS
FUNCTIONALISM
is the principle that
architects should
design a building
based on the
purpose of that
building
Kumpareng Louis
Sullivan
 INNOVATIONS
TENSILE
is the principle that
architects should
design a building
based on the
purpose of that
building
Kumpareng Louis
Sullivan
 MARCEL BREUER
FUNCTIONALISM
Modernist architect
and furniture designer
One of the most
popular 20th C
architect & master of
modernism
Studied at the Bauhaus
- become director of
the school's furniture
department in 1924
UNESCO Secretariat Building, Paris Wassily Chair
 BAUHAUS
School/House of
buildings;
construction house
the most influential
modernist art
school of the 20th
century
 BAUHAUS
vorkurs
Formlehre
Werklehre
Bldg construction
 Eero Saarinen
was a 20thC Finnish
American
architect and industri
al designer noted for
his neofuturistic style
 Eero Saarinen
was a 20thC Finnish
American
architect and industri
al designer noted for
his neofuturistic style
Tulip chair
Considered as one
of the masters in
20thC architecture
 Dulles International Airport
The Dulles main
terminal is a well-
known landmark
occupies 13,000 acres
(52.6 km2)
Designs include:
Man – made lake
Low – rise hotels
Office buildings
180m – 380m length
 TWA Terminal, JFKennedy Airport
Undulating shape
was meant to evoke
the excitement of
high speed flight
 Frank Lloyd Wright
Organic architecture
One of history’s
greatest architects
 Kaufmann House;Falling Water
World’s most
extraordinary house
Designed for Edgar
Kaufmann
 Kaufmann House;Falling Water
Rumored to be a
parti drawing
 Kaufmann House;Falling Water
main house uses 495
square meters
guest house uses 158
square meters
Most of the house is
made from stone
 Kaufmann House;Falling Water
light
ocre – concrete
Cherokee red - steel
 Kaufmann House;Falling Water
Integration of the
setting was extended
even to the small
details
 Kaufmann House;Falling Water
plungepool beside
the guest house.
 Kaufmann House;Falling Water
Original furnishings
and artworks are still
in mint condition.
 Kaufmann House;Falling Water
Design Flaws:
Skylight
Moldgrowth
Inadequate
reinforcing steel bars
at first floor
 Le Corbusier
“the house is a
machine for living in”
Five points of
architecture
Dominated
European scene for
half – a – century
 Notre Dame du Haut
one of the most
important examples of
twentieth-century
religious architecture
Reinforced concrete
Floors follow the
natural slope to the
altar
South wall – 50cm thick
Convent of Sainte Marie de La Tourette
Beton - brut
 Buckminster Fuller
an
American architect, s
ystems theorist,
author, designer, and
inventor
Geodesic dome
Doing more with less
 Dymaxion House
a mass-produced,
affordable, easily
transportable and
environmentally
efficient house
DY/MAX/ION
Only weighs
3000pounds
 Walter Gropius
Founder of Bauhaus
Sergeant & lieutenant
of signal corps in WWI
Later became an
architect under Peter
Behrens
Created prototype of
modern architecture:
free-standing glass
sheath suspended on
a structural framework
 Frei Otto
was a German
architect
and structural
engineer noted for
his use of lightweight
structures, in
particular tensile and
membrane structures
 Munich Stadium for 1972 Olympic Games
• Veered away from
the simple geometric
solutions and built
organic free forms
that could respond
to complex planning
and structural
requirements
 Sydney Opera House
is a multi-
venue performing
arts centre in Sydney,
Australia
It is one of the 20th
century's most
famous and
distinctive buildings
Jorn Utzon
 Sydney Opera House
sections of
a sphere of 75.2
metres (246 ft 8.6 in)
radius
covers 1.8 hectares
(4.4 acres)
183 m (600 ft) long
120 m (394 ft) wide
 Sydney Opera House
Concert Hall
Joan Sutherland
Theatre
Drama Theatre
Playhouse
Studio
Utzon Room
Recording Studio
Outdoor Forecourt