Stars are of great benefits of human in earlier days stars

used to guide people the directions.They are still of great

importance astronomy is totally based on the stars.Stars
also increase the possiblity of life in the planets around
it.Stars are also the reason for planet formation.
CONSTELLATIONS
CONSTELLATIONS

•The group or collection of stars that

seem to form a definite or
particular shape, that of animal,
person, or even object.
•There are officially 88
constellations in the entire sky.
They are used in grouping stars in the night sky .
You can use constellations to know the time of year and
the season you're in . If your in the northern
hemisphere and Orion is rising after sunset you know
it's winter.
Last but probably the most important is navigation. In
ancient times sailors at sea use constellations to
navigate. Even the wise men in the Bible allegedly
followed “a bright star” which led them to Jesus (I still
think that star was put there by Satan because it only
brought bad luck). Even today spacecraft use bright
stars like Canopus to navigate
SOLAR SYSTEM
Solar System
is the gravitationally bound system of
the planets and the Sun plus other
objects that orbit.
It is a collection planets and their
moons in orbit around the sun, together
with smaller bodies in the form of
asteroids, meteoroids, and comets.
It is not important, but without it you would not
exist, so if you consider your existance
important, it is important to you.
we live in the solar system, making it our
backyard. One is always curious about his own
backyard. Moreover by knowing its properties,
aspects as well as its composition (which we
can actually do using our current technology),
we can get a rough estimate about past,
present and future of other star systems,
galaxy as well as universe
Sun
The center of the solar system because it
is the densest object in the solar system.
Abundant in chemical elements such as
Hydrogen (82%) and Helium (18%).
The structure of the Sun is composed of:
Core, Radiative Zone, Convective zone,
Photosphere, Chromosphere, Corona,
Granules, and Prominence.
 Sun
Core – is the heart of the Sun wherein nuclear
fusion reactions converted hydrogen into helium.
Radiative Zone – is the region in which energy
produced in the core radiates toward the surface
of the Sun.
Convective Zone – the energy waves, which is
weakened by their passage through the radiative
zone, pass through this region via constantly
churning convection currents.
Photosphere – is known as the “surface” of the
Sun
Sunspot – is the dark area of the sun results
from lower temperature of gases.
Granules – are bright clouds observed in the
chromosphere near the sunspot’s regions.
Prominence – it is the intense mixtures of
hot gases, tongue-like flames of hydrogen
gas, that shoot out from the sun’s surface
extending thousands of kilometers.
PLANETS
 The planets
of
the Solar
System
Planets are classified into two groups: the terrestrial
and the jovian.
Terrestrial has a solid mineral-containing crust and
Earth-like composition (Mercury, Venus, Earth, and
Mars).
The Jovian planets are Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and
Neptune. The term JOVIAN came from Jupiter,
describing the other gas giants in the solar system
as Jupiter-like.
Pluto is not included in either category because of its
The INNER planets of
the
Solar System
 MERCURY

Is the planet closest to the Sun. because

of its closeness, it takes only 88 Earth-
days to make one revolution. Thus, one
year in Mercury lasts only 88 Earth-days.
It rotates only three times for each two
revolutions around the Sun.
because if its small size and weak
gravitational field, it holds very little
atmosphere.
 VENUS
Is the brightest planet in the solar system.
It is often the first star-like object to appear
after the Sun goes down hence, it is often
called the “evening star” during March and
April or the “morning star” during
September and October.
• Most closely resembles the Earth with
respect to size, density, and distance from
 VENUS
Regarded as an Earth’s twin, it has
been very active volcanically. Radar
mapping reveals a surface similar to
Earth and Mars.
It has plateaus and mountains but less
craters and valleys.
The surface temperature can reach to
 EARTH
• Ours is the blue planet, with more water surface
than land.
• the only astronomical object known to harbor life.
• Temperature extremes of the day and night are
conducive to life.
• According to radiometric dating and other
sources of evidence, Earth formed over 4.5 billion
years ago
 MARS
• Mars is a little more than half
the Earth’s size; its mass is
about 1/9 that of the Earth
and it has a core, mantle, and
crust as well as a thin
atmosphere.
• Mars' average distance from
the Sun is roughly 230 million
km
• It takes 2 Earth-years to orbit
• Scientist found evidence that there
were once lakes in some Martian
craters but now it is a dry and
desolated planet.
• Mars has 2 small moons:
• PHOBOS and DEIMOS
The OUTER planets of
the
Solar System
JUPITER
Is the largest planet in the solar system. It
has a mass 318 times that of the Earth.
The diameter is 143, 000 km, hence, it is
called a “giant planet”
Its core is about 20 times more massive than
the earth’s core and composed of Iron,
Nickel, and other minerals.
Surface temperature is about the same day
and night.
 SATURN
• Saturn has a mean diameter which is nearly 10
times that of the Earth and is considered as the
second largest planet in the solar system
• It is composed of Hydrogen and Helium.
• Saturn’s ring rings lie in a plane coincident to its
equator.
• it takes Saturn 29.457 Earth years (or
10,759 Earth days) to complete a single
revolution around the Sun.
 URANUS
• Has a diameter of 47,000 kilometers and a
mass that is 14.6 times that of the earth.
• It was discovered by William Herschel in 1781.
• Its atmosphere has hydrogen and methane
with the temperature of -176 C.
• In 1977, it was discovered that Uranus is also
surrounded by rings. It is a cold planet.
NEPTUNE
• Neptune and Uranus are like twins, similar
in size, and appear green due to methane
in their atmospheres.
• Its atmosphere is mainly hydrogen and
helium with some methane and ammonia.
• Has 14 moons
• TRITON (the largest)
• NEREID (the smallest)
 PLUTO
• Pluto is not anymore included in the solar system
as a planet because of its size and distance from
the sun.
• Whereas most of the planetary orbits are circular,
Pluto is the most elliptical. It is smaller than our
moon.
• Because it takes pluto 248 yrs to make a single
revolution, it will be seen in its discovered
position again in 2178.
• The New Horizons spacecraft, which flew by Pluto
EARTH