PERCEPTION

PERSON’S VIEW OF REALITY

Subject Matter
 Meaning of Perception
 Nature of Perception
 Importance of Perception
 Perception Process – Factors Influencing perpetual sets
 Perceptual errors and distortion
 Barriers to Perceptual accuracy
 Strategies for Improving Perceptual Skills
 Perception in Organization
Meaning of Perception
Process by which individuals
organize and interpret their
sensory impression in order to
give meaning to environment
Perception includes all those processes
by which an individual receive
information about his environment-
Seeing, Hearing, feeling, tasting &
smelling. The study of these perceptual
processes shows that their functioning
is affected by three classes of
variables- the object or event being
perceived, the environment in which
perception occurs & the individual
doing the perceiving -Joseph Reitz
Nature of Perception
Perception refers to interpretation of sensory Data
Sensation involves detecting the presence of a stimulus.
For eg. When eye capture the visual stimulus(light) it is sensing
Perception means understanding what is the stimulus
For eg. When visual stimulus is interpreted in the visual cortex of brain
perception occurs.
Perception is more
then sensation.
Perception is a
subjective process.
Importance
 Helps in understanding human behavior.

 Predict behavior in the changed circumstances.

 Needs of people can be determined.

 Helps in dealing with subordinates effectively.

 Eyes are not the Windows to your Brain
We use the tools like Perception to create a world for us.
Eyes just collet the information and the rest is done by the Brain to
interpret what the Object actually is?
Perception
Process
Perception is not
just viewing, It is
seeing, selecting,
Organizing,
Interpretation
and Reacting.
Perception is
viewing with
brain.
Perceptual Inputs
Perceptual Mechanism
Perceptual
Selectivity

Perceptual Organisation

Perceptual
Interpretation Checking

Reacting
Perceptual Selectivity External Factors

Size Intensity Repetition

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Unity Unity Unity
Non-violence Immediately”
Unity Unity Unity
Selfishness Unity Unity Unity
Unity Unity Unity
Peace Unity Help
Make it Unity Unity Unity
War convenient to
meet boss Today War
Perceptual Selectivity External Factors

Status Contrast Movement

Vice Chancellor 999999999999

Chairperson 999999999999
Teacher 999999999999
Friend 999999999999
Unknown Person 999999995999
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Perceptual Selectivity Internal Factors

Learning

M–A–C–D–O–W–E–L-L
M–A–C–D–O–N–A–L-D
M–A–C–B–E–T-H
M–A–C–H–I–N–E–R-Y
Perceptual Selectivity Internal Factors

Motivation Personality
Brain Does not see what eyes tell him to,
It uses it’s own beliefs, It decide whether
to have a look at a thing or to Ignore it?
Perceptual Organization
Figures & Ground
Perceptual Organization
Perceptual Grouping

Similarity Proximity

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Perceptual Organization
Perceptual Grouping

Closure Continuity

2 1
4 3
6
8
10
Perceptual Organization
Perceptual Constancy

Size Color Shape

Perceptual Organization
Perceptual Context Perceptual Defense
Perceptual Interpretation
Brain construct 3D representation from 2D
Image(Visual Stimulus) of World that we see
Checking Reacting
Perceptual Output
Word is Constructed by Brain for us using
the limited information collected by
Senses (Eyes, Ears, Skin etc.). Rest is filled in
with the help of Blanks.
 Factors Influencing The Perceptual Sets

Characteristics of
Perceiver Characteristics of
Characteristics of
• Needs & Motives Perceive
Situation
• Self Concept
• Past Experience
• Physical
Appearance
• Physical Setting Individual
• Psychological • Manner of
• Social Setting
• Organizational
Perception
State Communication
Setting
• Believes • Occupation
• Expectations
Factors Influencing The Perceptual Sets
Characteristics of Perceiver

Needs & Motives Cultural Upbringings Past Experience

Factors Influencing The Perceptual Sets
Characteristics of Perceiver

Psychological State Beliefs Situation

Factors Influencing The Perceptual Sets
Characteristics of Perceived

Physical Manner of Communication Occupation

Factors Influencing The Perceptual Sets
Characteristics of Situation

Social Settings Physical Settings Organizational Setting

Eyes does not tell us the Truth every time
Perceptual Errors & Distortion
Barriers to Perceptual Accuracy
Selective Perception Attribution Stereotyping
Barriers to Perceptual Accuracy
Halo Effect Projection Perceptual Sets
 Our brain can even Interpret some
Organic things from silly inorganic objects
Strategy for Improving Perceptual
Skills & braking Barriers Known to Oneself

Open Blind

Known to Others
Knowing Oneself Accurately Hidden Unknown

Using JoHari’s Windows

Johari’s Windows
Strategy for Improving Perceptual
Skills & braking Barriers
Empathize with others Have a positive Attitude Poston Impression Formation
Strategy for Improving Perceptual
Skills & braking Barriers
Communicating Openly Comparing Perception Diversity Management Pro.
World is the theater we put on to
Ourselves. We can never know the world
Directly, all we know is Representation
created by brain for us.
Perception in Organization

Stress Employment Interviews Performance Expectations

Perception in Organization

Performance Evaluation Employee Efforts Employee Loyalty

PERSON’S VIEW OF REALITY

Thank You