LTE Description

•Long Term Evolution

(4G)
Market Trends
3G Limitations and LTE Response
Advantages of LTE
 LTE Specifications
• Spectrum efficiency
• DL : 3-4 times
• UL : 2-3 times
• Frequency Spectrum
• Scalable bandwidth : 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20MHz
• To cover all frequencies of IMT-2000: 450 MHz to 2.6 GH
• Peak data rate
• DL : > 100Mb/s for 20MHz spectrum allocation
• UL : > 50Mb/s for 20MHz spectrum allocation
• Latency
• C-plane : < 100ms to establish U-plane
• U-plane : < 10ms from UE to server
• Coverage
• Performance targets up to 5km, slight degradation up to 30km
• Mobility
• LTE is optimized for low speeds 0-15km/h but
• connection maintained for speeds up to 350 or 500km/h
• Handover between 3G & 3G LTE
• Real-time < 300ms
• Non-real-time < 500ms
Key LTE Features to Overcome Challenges
LTE Architecture
OFDMA Basic Concepts
Carrier and Bandwidth
OFDMA Principles
Notion of Orthogonality
LTE Sub-carrier
Inter-Symbol Interference
Difference between DL and UL
OFDMA Parameter of LTE
Radio Frame Structure
Frame Structure of TDD
Physical Resource Block
Radio Channels
• A Logical Channel is defined by the type of information it carries.
• Logical channels are classified into control and traffic channels.

• A Transport Channel is defined by how and with what

• characteristics the information is transmitted.

• A Physical Channel is defined by the physical resources used to

• transmit the data. At the physical level, a distinction can be made
• between:
• The physical channel on which are mapped transport channels.
• The physical signal, which does not carry information but is used for
• synchronization or measurement.
 Logical Channel
• The following control logical channels have been defined by the 3GPP:
• BCCH, Broadcast Control Channel, used for the transmission of system control
• information. A UE needs to decode it before requesting a connection.
• PCCH, Paging Control Channel, is a downlink channel that transfers paging information
• and system information change notifications. This channel is used for paging when the
• network does not know the location cell of the UE.
• CCCH, Common Control Channel is a channel for transmitting control information
• between UEs and network. This channel is used for UEs having no RRC connection with
• the network.
• DCCH, Dedicated Control Channel is a point-to-point bi-directional channel that
• transmits dedicated control information between a UE and the network. Used by UEs
• having an RRC connection.
• MCCH, Multicast Control Channel is a point-to-multipoint downlink channel used for
• transmitting MBMS control information from the network to the UE, for one or several
• MTCHs. This channel is only used by UEs that receive MBMS.
• DTCH, Dedicated Traffic Channel, is a point-to-point channel, dedicated to
• one UE, for the transfer of user information. A DTCH can exist both in uplink
• and downlink.
• MTCH, Multicast Traffic Channel is a point-to-multipoint downlink channel
• for transmitting traffic data from the network to the UE. This channel is only
• used by UEs that receive MBMS.
 Transport Channel
• A transport channel defines how and with what characteristics the
• information is transmitted.
• Inherited from the WCDMA, data on the transport channel is
organized
• into “Transport Blocks”, TBs.
• A Transport block can be transmitted every TTI = 1 ms
• The “Transport Format”, TF, defines how the blocks can be
• transmitted:
• Transport block size, it depends on the MCS and the number of
PRB allocated
• Allowed modulation scheme
• Antenna mapping
• The following transport channels in DL have been defined by the 3GPP:
• Broadcast Channel (BCH) characterized by a fixed, pre-defined transport
format with a robust modulation to be broadcast in the entire coverage
area of the cell.
• Downlink Shared Channel (DL-SCH) characterized by: a dynamic link
adaptation by varying the modulation, coding and transmit power support
for H-ARQ (radio retransmission).
• Paging Channel (PCH) characterized by: Requirement to be broadcast in
the entire cell.
• Multicast Channel (MCH) characterized by: requirement to be broadcast
in the entire coverage area of the cell
• Uplink Shared Channel (UL-SCH) characterized by: support for dynamic
link adaptation by varying the transmit power and potentially modulation
and coding support for H-ARQ support for both dynamic and semi-static
resource allocation.
• Random Access Channel (RACH) characterized by: limited control
information collision risk
Mapping of Channels
From the Transport to the Physical Channel
Physical Channel
Channel Mapping
• The duration of type 1 radio frame is 10 ms. It is made of 10 sub-
frame
• (1 ms)
• A sub-frame is made 2 slots
• A slot is made of 7 symbols
• A Resource Block is made of 12 sub-carriers and 7 symbol (a slot)
• A Resource Element is a 1 Sub-carrier/1 Symbol
• The RRC protocol is the head of the air interface
• The DL and UL scheduler are running in the MAC layer in the
eNodeB
• The Radio Bearer is mapped on Logical channel -> Transport
Channel ->
• Physical Channel
RRC Connection Scenarios
During the Initial Attach:
An MME is selected.
The UE is authenticated.
An IP address is allocated to the UE.
S-GW and P-GW are selected.
Bearers are established on the S1-U, S5/S8 and on the
air interface.
The RRC connection is reconfigured to allow user data
traffic.
At the end of the Initial Attach, the UE is able to reach
external networks.
• After the power on, the UE knows:
the UE category and capability.
the preferred PLMN.
the carriers
• The UE needs to know:
The frame synchronization to be able to decode the DL radio
frame.
The cell parameters to be able request a connection.
• The UE can use:
The PSS: Primary Synchronization Signal.
The SSS: Secondary Synchronization Signal.
The BCH, the broadcast channel.
 MIB & SIB
• Master Information Block defines the most essential physical layer information
of the cell required to
• receive further system information;
• SystemInformationBlockType1 contains information relevant when
evaluating if a UE is allowed to access
• a cell and defines the scheduling of other system information blocks;
• SystemInformationBlockType2 contains common and shared channel
information;
• SystemInformationBlockType3 contains cell re-selection information, mainly
related to the serving cell;
• SystemInformationBlockType4 contains information about the serving
frequency and intra-frequency
• neighboring cells relevant for cell re-selection (including cell re-selection
parameters common for a
• frequency as well as cell specific re-selection parameters);
• SystemInformationBlockType5 contains information about other E-UTRA
frequencies and inter-frequency
• neighboring cells relevant for cell re-selection (including cell re-selection
parameters common for a
• frequency as well as cell specific re-selection parameters);
• SystemInformationBlockType6 contains information about UTRA
frequencies and UTRA neighboring cells
• relevant for cell re-selection (including cell re-selection parameters
common for a frequency as well as
• cell specific re-selection parameters);
• SystemInformationBlockType7 contains information about GERAN
frequencies relevant for cell re-selection
• (including cell re-selection parameters for each frequency);
• SystemInformationBlockType8 contains information about CDMA2000
frequencies andCDMA2000
• neighboring cells relevant for cell re-selection (including cell re-selection
parameters common for a
• frequency as well as cell specific re-selection parameters);
• SystemInformationBlockType9 contains a home eNB identifier (HNBID);
• SystemInformationBlockType10 contains an ETWS primary notification;
• SystemInformationBlockType11 contains an ETWS secondary notification
Attach Setup
Measurement Report
Mobility Management
Handover
Intra E-UTRAN HO
Thank You