Mathematical Function

FUNCTION DEFINITION

INVERSE FUNCTION

COMPOSITION FUNCTION

OPERATION FUNCTION

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 PURPOSE..

What Is the Purpose of This

Meeting?

Students are expected to be able to:

• Understanding function definitions
• Calculate the composition of functions
• Calculates the inverse of the function

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 FUNCTION DEFINITION

The relation from set A to set B is called function or

mapping, if and only if each element in set A matches
exactly one element in set B.

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FUNCTION NOTATION

Suppose f is a function from set A to set B, then the

function f is denoted by:f: A B
Set A is called the domain or region of definition or region
of origin,
The set B is called the codomain or area of the function f.
The set of all members of B who have friends in A is called
the range or yield area

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 FUNCTION

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 FUNCTION

In Figures 1, 3 and 4 each member of set A has the exact

pair of one member of set B. Relationships that have such
characteristics are called functions or mappings.
In picture 2 it is not a function because there is a member
A that has more than one member B

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 FUNCTION

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 EXAMPLE

 Is Known :
1. { (-1,2), (-4,51), (1,2), (8,-51) }
2. { (13,14), (13,5) , (16,7), (18,13) }
3. { (3,90), (4,54), (6,71), (8,90) }
4. { (3,4), (4,5), (6,7), (8,9) }
5. { (3,4), (4,5), (6,7), (3,9) }
6. { (-3,4), (4,-5), (0,0), (8,9) }
7. { (8, 11), (34,5), (6,17), (8,19) }

 question :
Look for which is a function
 Answer : 1, 3, 4,6
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DOMAIN,CODOMAIN DAN RANGE

The function domain is denoted by the Df notation

codomain function denoted by notation Kf
Range denoted by notation Rf
Example:
A = {1, 2, 3, 4}
B = {5, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12}
f: A B where f(x) = 2x +3

The domain function is A = {1, 2, 3, 4}.

codomain function is B = {5, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12}
the range function is C = {5, 7, 9, 11}

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DOMAIN,CODOMAIN,RANGE

 Is known :
1. { (-1,2), (2, 51), (1, 3), (8, 22), (9, 51) }
2. { (-5,6), (21, -51), (11, 93), (81, 202), (19, 51) }

 question :
Find Domain and Range
 Answer :
1. Domain: -1, 2, 1, 8, 9
Range: 2, 51, 3, 22, 51
2. Domain: -5, 21, 11, 81, 19
Range: 6, -51, 93, 202, 51

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DOMAIN,CODOMAIN,RANGE

 Is known :
Function f(x) = 2x-4
 Calculate :
f(1)
f(-1)
 Answer :
f(1) = 2(1)-4 = -2
f(-1) = 2(-1)-4 = -6

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 FORMULA FUNCTION

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 SURJEKTIF FUNCTION
If each member of set B has a group member friend A, then f is called the
surjektif function or the onto function.

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 INJEKTIF FUNCTION
If each member of set B has a friend in A, a single friend, then f is called
an injective function or function 1-1 (into function).

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 BIJEKTIF FUNCTION
If each member of set B has exactly one friend in A then f is called a
function of gratification or correspondence 1-1. It is easy to understand
that correspondence 1-1 is both an objective and injective function

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FUNCTION COMPOSITION

 There are 3 sets namely, A = {2, 3, 4, 5}, B = {5, 7, 9, 11}

and C = {27, 51, 66, 83}.
 f : AB determined by the formula f(x) = 2x+1
g: BC determined by the formula g(x) = x²+2. Shown
by the arrow diagram as follows :

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FUNCTION COMPOSITION

 If h is a function from A to C such that :

2  27
3  51
4  66
5 83

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FUNCTION COMPOSITION

The h function from A to C is called the composition and

written Function h  g  f or h( x)  ( g  f )( x).

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FUNCTION COMPOSITION
Example :
Is Known : f(x) = x² + 1 and g(x) = 2x – 3.
Question : 1. (f ◦ g)(x)
2. (g ◦ f)(x)
Answer:
a. (f o g)(x) = f (g(x))
= f(2x – 3)
= (2x – 3)² + 1
= 4x² – 12x + 9 + 1
= 4x² – 12x + 10
b. (g o f)(x) = g (f(x))
= g(x² + 1)
= 2(x² + 1) – 3
= 2x² - 1
So the composition of the function does not apply the commutative
nature.
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 EXERCISE 1
example:
is known : f(x) = x² - 4 and g(x) = - 4x + 1.
Answer : 1. (f ◦ g)(x)
2. (g ◦ f)(x)
3. (f ◦ f)(x)
4. (g ◦ g)(x)

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 INVERS FUNCTION

 If Function f : X  Y The inverse of the function f

is the relation g from Y to X.

 In general, the inverse of a function is not always as a

function
 If f : XY is a 1-1 correspondence then the inverse of
the function f is also a function
 The inverse function notation isf¯¹
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 INVERS FUNCTION

(1) (2) (3)

 it can be seen that the function whose inverse result is

also a function is only in Figure 3.

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 Example

 Determine the inverse function formula of the function f(x)

= 2x + 6
 Answer :
y = f(x) = 2x+6
y = 2x+6
2x = y-6
x = ½(y-6)

So : f¯¹ (y)= ½(y-6) or f¯¹ (x)= ½(x-6)

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 Exercise 3

 Determine the inverse function formula of the function

 1. f(x) = -3x + 6
2. f(x) = 4x + 8
3. f(x) = 8x - 2

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 INVERS FUNCTION

( g  f ) 1 ( x)  ( f 1
 g 1 )( x)

( f  g ) 1 ( x)  ( g 1  f 1
)( x)

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 Example
 Is known:  Way 2 :
f(x) = x+3
g(x) = 5x – 2
Find (f◦g)¯ ¹(x)

 Way 1
(f◦g)(x) = f(g(x))
= g(x) +3
= 5x-2+3
= 5x+1
(f◦g)¯¹(x) = y = 5x+1
5x = y-1
x = (y-1)/5
(f◦g)¯¹(x) =⅕x-⅕

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 Exercise 4
 Is known:
f(x) = x - 2
g(x) = – 2x + 1
Find
1. (f◦g)¯ ¹(x)
2. (g◦f)¯¹ (x)

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 OPERATION FUNCTION

 Given scalar real a and functions f and g.

The sum of f + g, the difference f - g, the multiplication of
scalar a. f, the multiplication of f. g, and the quotient of f /
g each is defined as follows :
(f+g)(x)= f(x) + g(x)
(f-g)(x)=f(x) - g(x)
(af)(x) = a f(x)
(f.g)(x)= f(x)g(x)
(f/g)(x)= f(x)/g(x) , g(x)≠0

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 Example

 Is Known:
f(x) = 2x-4
g(x) = -3x+2
 Find :
1. f+g = 2x-4-3x+2 = -x-2
2. f–g = 2x -4 –(-3x+2) = 5x - 6
3. f · g = (2x – 4)(-3x+2) = -6x² + 16x – 8
4. f/g = (2x-4)/(-3x+2) = (-6x²+8x+8)/(9x²-4)

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 Exercise 5

 Is Known:
f(x) = 3x+2
g(x) = 4-5x
 Question:
1. f+g
2. f–g
3. f · g
4. f/g

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