OPERATING

SYSTEM
TIMELINE
 When you start-up your computer,
the first program that runs is a set of
instructions saved in your computer’s
read-only-memory (ROM) chips. It is the
power-on self-test (POST) that checks
the CPU, memory, and your computer’s
basic input and output systems (BIOS).
The self-test checks the errors to make
your computer function properly.
 The first operating system that
loaded after the POST is the
bootstrap loader. It sets up the
driver programs that control the
hardware of the computer.
Bootstrap loader- is a program
that loads the operating system into
the memory to begin operation.
WHAT IS AN OPERATING SYSTEM?
Is a program that lets you interact with the
computer. It runs on a computer and manages
the computer processes, the hardware and
software. You cannot use the computer
without operating system. They are created to
make applications running even if there is a
hardware or software upgrade. It is the
manager of the hardware and the distributor of
its resources.
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF AN OPERATING
SYSTEM?

An operating system creates the ability to do a

variety of tasks. It responds to the changes instructed
by the user.
An operating system has the following functions:
 It manages the hardware and software resources of
the computer system.
 It provides a stable and consistent way for managing
applications or programs to match with the hardware
without knowing the details of the hardware.
 It can add security update, system
patch, new application and formatting
commands to install a fresh operating
system in case of malfunction.
 It can be installed and used for special
purpose applications like robotics, real-
time control system and a lot more.
 It can be changed and modified because
it is made up of portable codes.
 It performs the tasks of
managing the:
 Processor
 Memory
 Device
 Storage
 Application interface
 User interface
TYPES OF OPERATING
SYSTEM
1.REAL-TIME OPERATING
SYSTEM (RTOS)
This is used to control machinery,
scientific instruments, and industrial
systems.
2. Single- User, Single Task
As the name implies, this
operating system is designed to
manage the computer, so that
one user can effectively do one
thing at a time.
3. Single-User, Multi-Tasking
This is the type of operating system most
people use on their desktop and laptop
computers today. Microsoft’s Windows and
Apple’s Mac OS platforms are both examples
of operating systems that will let a single
user have several programs in operation at
the same time.
4. Multi-User
A multi-user operating system allows many
different users to take advantage of the
computer’s resources simultaneously. The
operating system must make sure that the
requirements of the various users are balanced,
and that each of the programs they are using
has sufficient and separate resources so that a
problem with one user doesn’t affect all users.
WINDOWS OPERATING SYSTEM
Microsoft introduced an operating environment
named Windows on November 20, 1985. the interest
in GUI or graphical user interface that dominated in
the market motivates Microsoft to improve the
operating system. Windows become “user friendly”
and easy to operate using icons or small graphics to
represent a command or an action. Early version of
Windows Operating System has been developed and
now, Windows 7 and Windows 8 are the most popular
ones.
WINDOWS
OPERATING
TIMELINE
 MS-DOS Microsoft Disk
Operating System
It was developed for
IBM-compatible
computers. It uses a
diskette to boot the
system. After booting
you will see a command
prompt (C >). Insert a
program diskette and
WINDOWS 1.0-2.0 (1985-1992)
The point and click
access to Windows was
introduced in Windows
1.0 (1985) and the
desktop icons, keyboard
shortcuts, and graphic
support in Windows 2.0
(1987).
 WINDOWS 3.0-3.1 (1990-
The 1994)
icons,
performance, and
advanced (16 colors)
were improved.
Microsoft added the
File Manager, Print
Manager, and Games
features in this version.
 WINDOWS 95 (AUGUST
The
1995)
ability to
automatically detect
hardware ( plug and play)
is the main feature of this
operating system. It has
32-bit applications that
runs faster than the older
versions.
WINDOWS 98 (JUNE 1998)
The Active Desktop
which included
Internet Explorer in
the operating system
is introduced in this
version. It supports
USB and DVD.
WINDOWS 2000 (FEBRUARY 2000)
WINDOWS ME Millennium Edition
(September 2000)
The boot in Disk Operating
System option was removed in
this Version (Windows ME). It
has the same features as
Windows 2000 (February 2000).
It can run software connected to
the Internet, intranet, and
network resources. It is called
“W2K”.
WINDOWS NT 3.1-4.0 (1993-1996)

It supports
multitasking. It is
designed for server
in a network and
client workstations.
WINDOWS XP (OCTOBER 2001)

The wireless (802.11x)

security was introduced in
this version. It is the best-
selling operating system
created by Microsoft. It has
a faster, stable, and reliable
operating system among
the previous versions.
 WINDOWS VISTA
(NOVEMBER 2006)
The version that can
detect hardware problems
before they take place. It
has a good security
features from threats. It
has faster start-up time
and low power
consumption.
 WINDOWS 7 (OCTOBER
2009)
The muti-touch support,
improved performance,
faster start-up, Aero Snap,
Aero Shape, virtual hard
disks support, windows
media center, and Internet
Explorer 8 are the main
features of Windows 7.
 WINDOWS 8
The developers of this operating
system has touch screen in their
minds redesigning this OS on as
near-instant- on capability. It can
start-up in seconds and has a
“Metro” design system interface
that has the look of “Live Tiles”,
which are links to the
applications, which has a real-
time update.
 WINDOWS 7 FEATURES
Windows 7 was released on October
22, 2009. it has graphical user interface
(GUI) that interacts with computers’
function in a logical and easy way.
It has a unique feature that is totally
different from the old version of
Windows.
THE UNIQUE FEATURES OF
WINDOWS 7 ARE THE
FOLLOWING:
■You can view windows side by side by using the
Aero snap desktop. It is a translucent glass design
with subtitle window animations and new window
colors.
To create an Aero Snap desktop, do the following:
1. Click the Start button– Control Panel
2. Under Appearance and Personalization
dialog box, choose Change Theme.
Aero snap can help you compare,
copy and files between two
windows.
■You can take a peek preview (aero peek) of your
desktop without minimizing all the open window.
■You can preview all your open windows (Aero Flip
3D) in a stack by pressing Ctrl-Windows-tab key.
■In the Start Menu, My computer, My Documents,
Search Bar, and Run commands are included.
■Quick Launch toolbar are replaced by pinning
them to the taskbar.
■Parental Controls are added to secure and monitor
the computing habits of children in the house.
■Power management and account
customization are included.
■Action center helps you manage back ups
and system maintenance of your computer.
■Passkey protection is enhanced so network
users cannot just open your files and
folders.
■You can select or download gadgets such
as slide show, calendar, and live weather,
and place them on your desktop.
 WINDOWS 8-8.1 FEATURES
Windows 8 was introduced with complete
changes on the desktop’s user-interface. It is good
for touch screen functionality and hard for desktop
computer users. Windows 8.1 has Internet Explorer
11 and One Drive– a free online storage that can be
used to save documents, photos, and other files
and can be opened from any device or computer
anytime. It is also used to protect your files if
something happened to your PC.
THE UNIQUE FEATURES OF
WINDOWS 8 AND 8.1 ARE
THE FF.:
■ Faster startup with the hybrid boot system.
■ A multitask screen for multiple open apps.
■ A lock screen with a clock and notifications.
■ A tile screen that you can personalize (picture
password).
■ Windows Defender and Windows smart Screen serves
as guard against viruses.
■ Load up applications using Windows Store.
■ A multi-user operating system allows multiple users to
use the same computer at the same different times.
■ Camera, photos, videos, games, people, news, weather,
and a lot of apps that are pre-loaded and easy to use.
■ Multi-threading operating system that allows different
parts of software program to run at the same time.
■ All open and pinned apps appear in the taskbar.
■ Right-clicking an app tile to see more options.
■ Recently installed apps are reminded through a
message in the lower-left corner of the screen.
■ Power and search buttons are on the start screen.
 OTHER
OPERATING
SYSTEMS
LINUX
is a free and open source operating system. It
was invented as an alternative operating system
to Windows by Linus Torvalds, an engineering
student. He announced this in a post he made on
August 25, 1991. the Linux runs on different
platforms including Intel and Alpha with a General
Public License (GNU). The system can be used,
distributed and expanded free of charge.
Developers have access to all the source codes.
MAC OS
Mac Operating System ( Mac OS) is a
series of graphical user interface based
on the operating system developed by
Apple Inc. for the Macintosh computer
system. It was released in two series:
Mac OS and OS X.