MEDIA AND INFORMATION

LITERACY (MIL)
Legal, Ethical, and Societal Issues in
Media and Information
LOGO QUIZ
Name that Logo!
WHAT IS INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY?

refers to creations of the mind,

such as inventions; literary and
INTELLECTUAL
PROPERTY (IP)
artistic works; designs; and
symbols, names and images
used in commerce
 Laws are enacted to enforce respect and recognition
toward the fruits of other people’s ingenuity. Inventions
or creations
Establ1970,
Intellectual.
the World serve some benefits to users, thus, in the
logic of commerce of business, inventors and creators
should be properly compensated for their contribution. If
their intellectual property right is protected, people will
be motivated to contribute more by continuously
inventing and creating things for the public good in the
spirit of FAIR PLAY.
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY IS PROTECTED IN LAW
 WHAT IS THE WORLD INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
ORGANIZATION?

Established in 1970, the World Intellectual Property

Organization
Establ1970, the World (WIPO) is an international organization
dedicated to helping ensure that the rights of creators
Intellectual.

and owners of intellectual property are protected

worldwide, and that inventors and authors are
therefore recognized and rewarded for their
ingenuity.
 WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY?

TYPES OF IP

INDUSTRIAL GEOGRAPHICAL
COPYRIGHT PATENT TRADEMARKS ORIGIN
DESIGN
 TYPES OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
TYPES OF IP DEFINITION
1. Copyright • It is a legal term used to describe the rights that
creators have over their literary and artistic
works
• It is mainly the protection of one’s expression
which only becomes tangible and concrete
when objects are created as manifestation of
these expression.
• It provides exclusive publication, distribution &
usage rights
 WHAT IS COVERED BY COPYRIGHT?
Copyright covers literary and artistic works, which is
understood to include every original work of authorship
regardless of artistic or literary merit.
Works covered by copyright include but are not
limited to literary works such as novels; poems and
plays, newspaper articles; films and television
programs; letters; artistic works including paintings,
sculptures, drawing and photographs; architecture;
computer programs; and advertisements, maps and
technical drawing.
 WHAT WORKS ARE NOT PROTECTED BY
COPYRIGHT?
No copyright protection extends to any idea,
procedure, system method or operation,
concept or principle, discovery or mere data,
news, miscellaneous facts, or any official text of
a legislative, administrative or legal nature
including official translations thereof (Sec. 175,
IP Code).
HOW LONG DOES COPYRIGHT SUBSIST?

In general, the term of protection of works under

copyright covers the lifetime of the author and fifty
(50) years after his/her death.
 SHOULD COPYRIGHT BE REGISTERED?
Copyright protection is obtained automatically upon the
creation of copyrightable work. However, there are
advantages to registering one’s copyright. Being an
official public record, copyright registration easily
establishes one’s ownership over a copyright. As such, a
copyright registration helps facilitate transactions
involving the ownership and transfer of the copyright
such as sale, assignment and licensing. Moreover, in an
action involving copyright infringement, the copyright
registration is evidence that copyright subsists in the
work and that the public is notified thereof.
 HOW IS COPYRIGHT REGISTERED?
The owner of the copyright may file an
application for issuance of certificate of
registration and deposit of copies or
reproduction of the works with the Copyright
Division of the National Library and the
Supreme Court Library. This may also be done
through the Bureau of Copyright and Related
Rights of the Intellectual Property Office.
 REQUIREMENTS FOR COPYRIGHT
REGISTRATION
1. Application should be accompanied in duplicate,
typewritten and the affidavit at the back should be duly
notarized and affixed with Fifteen Pesos (P15.00) worth of
documentary stamps, should be stapled to the application
form to be affixed by the office to the copyright certificate.
2. Application should be accompanied by two (2) copies of
the work as deposit, Two Hundred Pesos (P200.00) as
registration fee. If through mail, registration fee should be
in postal money order addressed to the Director, The
National Library.
 REQUIREMENTS FOR COPYRIGHT
REGISTRATION
3. If the work applied for registration is an original
ornamental design (classification H), it should be
accompanied by a technical description of the design.
4. If the work applied for registration is published work,
two (2) printed copied with copyright notice printed in
front or at the back of the title page if it is a book and
on any clear space thereof of non-book material, shall
accompany the application
The copyright notice shall be in the form Philippine Copyright 20__
(year of publication) by ____________ (name of copyright owner.)

No. 8 of the application should be filled up by stating the specific date

when the work is finished and likewise
No. 9 be filled up to indicate when the work is published.

A “published work” for purposes of registration means that

the work has been disseminated to the public prior to its
registration with the Copyright
 REQUIREMENTS FOR COPYRIGHT
REGISTRATION
5. If the work applied for registration is unpublished
work, two (2) manuscripts and/or photocopies of the
work without the copyright notice shall accompany
the application.

“Unpublished work” for purposes of registration

means that the work has not been disseminated to
the public at the time of registration.
 REQUIREMENTS FOR COPYRIGHT
REGISTRATION
6. If the applicant is non-resident foreigner, he/she
should appoint a local authorized agent by special
power of attorney to complete the copyright
application for and in his/her behalf.
7. If the claimant is not the author, a document
supporting the claim such as a deed of assignment or
a waiver of copyright ownership.
 REQUIREMENTS FOR COPYRIGHT
REGISTRATION

8. If the applicant is a proprietor or a corporation, a

photocopy of the certificate of business name or SEC
(Securities and Exchange Commission) certificate
(whichever is applicable) should be attached to the
application
 WHERE TO REGISTER?
NATIONAL LIBRARY OF THE PHILIPPINES
Contact Information:
Copyright Section
5/F East Wing, NLP Building
T.M. Kalaw Avenue, Manila Philippines

Email: copyright@nlp.gov.ph
Telephone: (632) 310-5035/ 336-7200 loc. 411 524-2737
 WHAT IS A VALID COPYRIGHT NOTICE?
A copyright notice should contain:
 the word “copyright”
 a “c” in a circle (©)
 the date of publication, and
 the name of either the author or the owner of all
the copyright rights in the published work.
For example, the correct copyright for the ninth
edition of The Copyright Handbook, by Stephen
Fishman is Copyright © 2006 by Stephen Fishman.
 TWO RIGHTS UNDER COPYRIGHT LAW

ECONOMIC RIGHTS MORAL RIGHTS

It refers to the rights of an It refers to the rights to

owner/ author to be
properly compensated
financially upon his or her
permission for the work to
be used by another.
claim authorship of a work
and the right to oppose
changes to a work that
could harm the author’s
reputation.
 WHAT RIGHTS ARE INCLUDED IN COPYRIGHT?
Economic rights consist of the exclusive right to carry out,
authorize and prevent
(a) reproduction of the work or substantial portion of the
work;
(b) dramatization, translation, adaptation, abridgement,
arrangement or other transformation of the work;
(c) the first public distribution of the original and each copy of
the work by sale or other forms of transfer of ownership;
 WHAT RIGHTS ARE INCLUDED IN COPYRIGHT?
(d) rental of the original or a copy of an audiovisual or
cinematographic work, a work embodied in a sound recording, a
computer program, a compilation of data and other materials or a
musical work in graphic form, irrespective of the ownership of the
original or the copy which is the subject of the rental;
(e) public display of the original or a copy of the work;
(f) public performance of the work; and
(g) other communications to the public of the work (Sec. 177, IP
Code)
 WHAT RIGHTS ARE INCLUDED IN COPYRIGHT?
On the other hand, moral rights include the following rights:
(a) to require the authorship of the works be attributed to the author, in
particular, the right that his name, as far as practicable, be indicated in a
prominent way on the copies, and in connection with the public use of his work;
(b) to make any alterations of his work prior to, or to withhold it from
publication;
(c) to object to any distortion, mutilation or modification of or other derogatory
action in relation to, his work which would be prejudicial to his honor or
reputation; and
(d) to restrain the use of his name with respect to any work not of his own
creation or in a distorted version of his work (Sec. 193, IP Code)
 WHO OWNS THE COPYRIGHT?
Copyright of original literary and artistic works shall belong
to the author of the work (Sec 178.1, IP Code).
In case of works of joint authorship, the co-authors shall be
the original owners of the copyright and in absence of
agreement, their rights shall be governed by the rules on co-
ownership. If, however, a work of joint authorship consists of
parts that can be used separately and the author of each
part can be identified, the author of each part shall be the
original owner of the copyright in the part that he has
created (Sec. 178.2, IP Code).
 WHO OWNS THE COPYRIGHT?
If a work is created by an author in the course of his
employment, the copyright shall belong to the
employee, if the creation of the object of copyright is
not part of his regular duties even if the employee
uses the time, facilities and materials of the employer.
On the other hand, if the work is the result of the
performance of his regularly-assigned duties, copyright
shall belong to the employer, unless there is an
agreement to the contrary that is expressed or implied
(Sec. 178.3, IP Code).
 WHO OWNS THE COPYRIGHT?
In case of audiovisual work, the copyright shall belong to the
producer, the author of the scenario, the composer of the
music, the film director, and the author of the work so
adapted. However, subject to the contrary or other
stipulations among the creators, the producers shall exercise
the copyright to an extent required for the exhibition of the
work in any manner, except for the right to collect
performing license fees for the performance of musical
compositions, with or without words, which are
incorporated into the work (Sec. 178.5, IP Code).
 WHO OWNS THE COPYRIGHT?

In case of letters, the copyright shall belong to the

writer and may not be published or disseminated
without the consent of the writer or his heirs.
Ownership of the letters and other private
communications in writing belong to person to
whom they are addressed and delivered (Sec.
178.6, IP Code in relation to Article 723 of the Civil
Code).
 Cartoon Analysis

(Source: http://www.esa.int/About_Us/Law_at_ESA/Intellectual_Property_Rights/What_is_intellectual_property)
TYPES OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY (IP)
IP DEFINITION
2. Patent • an exclusive right granted for an invention
• provides the patent owner with the right to
decide how - or whether - the invention can
be used by others
TYPES OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY (IP)
IP DEFINITION
3. Trademarks • a sign capable of distinguishing the goods
or services of one enterprise from those
of other enterprises.
TRADEMARKS
TRADEMARK INFRINGEMENT?
 TRADEMARK INFRINGEMENT?

Mars sues Hershey for trademark infringement over MALTESER

brand
TYPES OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY (IP)
IP DEFINITION
4. Industrial • constitutes the ornamental or aesthetic
Design aspect of an article
• may consist of three-dimensional features,
such as the shape or surface of an article, or
of two-dimensional features, such as patterns,
lines or color
INDUSTRIAL DESIGN
INDUSTRIAL DESIGN
DESIGN INFRINGEMENT?
 TYPES OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY (IP)
IP DEFINITION
5. Geographical • signs used on goods that have a specific
Indications and geographical origin and possess qualities, a
Appellations of reputation or characteristics that are
Origin essentially attributable to that place of origin
• most commonly includes the name of the
place of origin of the goods.
GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS AND
APPELLATIONS OF ORIGIN
GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS AND
APPELLATIONS OF ORIGIN
Types of Intellectual Property
 Republic Act 8293
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES
COPYRIGHT VALIDITY PERIOD

During the lifetime of the author plus 50

LITERARY WORKS
years after death
ART 25 years from the date of creation

PHOTOGRAPHIC WORK 50 years from publication

AUDIO- VISUAL WORK 50 years from publication

 Republic act 8293
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES
COPYRIGHT VALIDITY PERIOD
SOUND RECORDING 50 years from year recording took place

BROADCAST RECORDING 20 years from date of broadcast

Valid for 10 years and may be renewed for a

TRADEMARK
periods of 10 years

INVENTION PATENT Valid for 20 years from filing date application

 Fair use
It is a legal concept that allows the reproduction
of copyrighted material for certain purposes
without obtaining permission or consent &
without paying a fee or royalty. These purposes
include:
-Commentary -Teaching
-Criticism
-Reporting
-Research
Guidelines for Fair Use
• A majority of the content you create must be
your own.
• Give credit to the copyright holder.
• Don't make money off of the copyrighted
work.
LEGAL SHARING using CREATIVE COMMONS
• is an American non-profit organization
devoted to expanding the range of
creative works available for others to build
upon legally and to share. The organization
has released several copyright-licenses
known as Creative Commons licenses free
of charge to the public.

• Website https://creativecommons.org/about/
LEGAL SHARING using CREATIVE COMMONS
• Attribution: You must credit the creator.
• Non-Commercial: You can't make a profit.
• No Derivative Works: You can't change the
content.
• Share Alike: You can change the content,
but you have to let other people use your
new work with the same license as the
original.
What is Digital citizenship?
is the norms of appropriate, responsible
technology use
(http://www.digitalcitizenship.net/)

Digital Citizenship a holistic and positive approach to helping

children learn how to be safe and secure, as well
as smart and effective participants in a digital
world
(http://mcc.gse.harvard.edu/files/gse-
mcc/files/social_media_resource_list_0_0.pdf)
KEY PRINCIPLES WITH ELEMENTS OF DIGITAL CITIZENSHIP

Respect Yourself/ Educate Yourself/ Protect Yourself/

Respect Others Connect with Others Protect Others

Digital Rights and

Digital Etiquette Digital Literacy Responsibility

Digital Digital Safety

Digital Access Communication (Security)

Digital Health and

Digital Law Digital Commerce
Welfare
 FLAME WARS
•A lengthy exchange of angry or abusive
messages between user of an online forum or
other discussion area.
Flamer
-it is defined as someone who knowingly
attacks other netizens, or expresses in
aggressive manner his opinion or
controversial issues.
 RESPONSIBLE NETIZENSHIP
set of rules for behaving properly
online
( The Core Rules of Netiquette by Virginia Shea )

Netiquette
respecting other users’ views and
displaying common courtesy when
posting your views to online discussion
groups
(http://www.bbc.co.uk/webwise/guides/about-netiquette)
 THE CORE RULES OF NETIQUETTE

The Core Rules of Netiquette. Shea, V. (1994). Core rules of netiquette.

Netiquette (Online ed., pp. 32-45). San Francisco: Albion Books.

http://www.albion.com/netiquette/introduction.html
http://learning.colostate.edu/guides/guide.cfm?guideid=4
RULE 1: REMEMBER THE HUMAN
 RULE 2: ADHERE TO THE SAME STANDARDS OF
BEHAVIOR ONLINE THAT YOU FOLLOW IN REAL LIFE
RULE 3: KNOW WHERE YOU ARE IN CYBERSPACE
RULE 4: RESPECT OTHER PEOPLE'S TIME AND
BANDWIDTH
RULE 5: MAKE YOURSELF LOOK GOOD ONLINE
Always check for
spelling and grammar
errors
Know what you’re
talking about and state it
clearly
Be pleasant and polite
RULE 6: SHARE EXPERT KNOWLEDGE
RULE 7: HELP KEEP FLAME WARS UNDER
CONTROL
RULE 8: RESPECT OTHER PEOPLE'S PRIVACY
RULE 9: DON'T ABUSE YOUR POWER
RULE 10: BE FORGIVING OF OTHER PEOPLE'S
MISTAKES
PRESENTING YOURSELF AND MANAGING
IMPRESSIONS

“Think before you Click”

 CYBERBULLYING
• It is a type of offensive action toward another which
takes place using electronic technology

BIG IDEA
Cyberbullying can be avoided when you promote
netiquette, foster mutual respect and courtesy by
avoiding “flame wars,” and when you are vigilant
against people’s intention to harm other netizens.
 INTERNET ADDICTION
It is otherwise known as Computer Addiction ,
Online Addiction , or Internet Addiction Disorder
(IAD) is an impulsive control problem.
38% of college students cannot go 10 minutes
without checking their emails, tablets, or
smartphones.
 WHAT IS HAPPENING NOW?

“HOME is where the HEART is, but today,

the PHONE is where the HEART is!!!”
-Rachita Cabral
 FORMS OF INTERNET ADDICTION
1. CYBERSEX ADDICTION
 It refers to the compulsive use of Internet
pornography, adult chat rooms, or adult fantasy role-play
sites impacting negatively on real life intimate
relationship
2. NET COMPULSION
 Such as compulsive online gaming, gambling, stock
trading, or compulsive use of online auction sites
often resulting in financial and job-related problems
 FORMS OF INTERNET ADDICTION
3. CYBER-RELATIONSHIP ADDICTION
 It is the addiction to social networking, chat rooms,
texting, and messaging to the point where virtual, online
friends become more important that real-life
relationships with family and friends.
4. INFORMATION OVERLOAD
 It refers to the compulsive web surfing or database
searching, leading to lower work productivity and less
social interaction with family and friends.
 FORMS OF INTERNET ADDICTION
5. COMPUTER ADDICTION
 It is the obsessive playing of off-line computer games
or obsessive computer programming
Internet addiction is often triggered by factors
such as stress, anxiety, depression, some other
forms of addiction, lack of social support,
inactivity, and unhappiness. Some of the signs
and symptoms of Internet addiction, or
computer addiction, that can be observed may
be the following:
1. Being less conscious of the time sent online
or with gadgets that enable Internet access
2. Failing to complete tasks or activities
intended to be finished at the time you were
using the Internet
3. Having less time with friends and family
4. Lack of remorse for excessive Internet use
5. Feeling more excited with Internet activities
rather than physical activities
 CONSEQUENCES OF THIS ADDICTION
1. It numbs the senses.
2. It dries the gray matter of the brain.
3. It ruins the capacity to plan out or use the regular
cognitive abilities.
4. It leads to impulsivity.
5. It causes poor emotional management
6. It causes poor human relations and socialization
7. It may lead to DEPRESSION AND SUICIDE
 BIG IDEA

“Too much of anything is bad for you. Do things in

moderation.”
 STEALING OR BORROWING?
the act of using another person's words
or ideas without giving credit to that
person
http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/plagiarism
Plagiarism
The practice of taking someone else's
work or ideas and passing them off as
one's own.
https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/plagiarism
 TYPES OF PLAGIARISM
Retrieved on October 29, 2016 from
http://www.plagiarism.org/assets/downloads/types_of_
plagiarism.doc.
Note:
Document provided by Turnitin.com and Research Resources. Turnitin
allows free distribution and non-profit use of this document in
educational settings.
 TYPES OF PLAGIARISM
Sources Not Cited Sources Cited
The Ghost Writer The Forgotten Footnote

The Photocopy Misinformer

The Potluck Paper The Too-perfect Paraphrase

The Poor Disguise The Resourceful Citer

The Labor of Laziness The Perfect crime

The Self-stealer
 TYPES OF PLAGIARISM:
SOURCES NOT CITED
1. “The Ghost Writer”
The writer turns in
another’s work,
word-for-word, as his
or her own.

Source: http://rainbowriting.com/ghostwriter-resume/
 TYPES OF PLAGIARISM:
SOURCES NOT CITED
2. “The Photocopy”
 The writer copies
significant portions
of text straight from
a single source,
without alteration. Source:
http://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/
photocopying-books-for-students-copyright-high-
court-3075857/
 TYPES OF PLAGIARISM:
SOURCES NOT CITED
3. “The Potluck Paper”
The writer copies from
several different
sources, tweaking the
sentences to make them
fit together while
retaining most of the Source:
http://www.laweekly.com/restaurants/10-
original phrasing. potluck-etiquette-rules-2374604
 TYPES OF PLAGIARISM:
SOURCES NOT CITED
4. “The Poor Disguise”
The writer has
altered the paper’s
appearance slightly
by changing key
Source:
words and phrases. https://www.amazon.com/Accoutremen
ts-Fuzzy-Glasses-Classic-
Disguise/dp/B000JNS2ZS
 TYPES OF PLAGIARISM:
SOURCES NOT CITED
5. “The Labor of Laziness”
 The writer takes the
time to paraphrase
most of the paper from
other sources and make
it all fit together. Source:
https://heartofashepherd.com/2015/07/06/proverbs-69-
11-failing-to-instill-a-daily-discipline-of-study-and-labor-
in-your-child-allows-the-laziness-of-a-sluggard-to-
become-a-predictable-path-to-poverty-and-sorrow-2/
 TYPES OF PLAGIARISM:
SOURCES NOT CITED
6. “The Self-Stealer”
 The writer
“borrows”
generously from his
or her previous
work.
Source: http://com1010.library.wayne.edu/
 TYPES OF PLAGIARISM:
SOURCES CITED (BUT STILL PLAGIARIZED)
1. “The Forgotten Footnote”
 The writer mentions an
author’s name for a
source, but neglects to
include specific
information on the
location of the material
referenced. Source:
http://drennank.wonecks.net/2011/08/12/forg
ot-to-register/
 TYPES OF PLAGIARISM:
SOURCES CITED (BUT STILL PLAGIARIZED)
2. “The Misinformer”
The writer provides
inaccurate information
regarding the sources,
making it impossible to
find them.
Source: https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/pinocchio-
for-ipad-iphone/id422133774?mt=8
 TYPES OF PLAGIARISM:
SOURCES CITED (BUT STILL PLAGIARIZED)
3. “The Too-Perfect
Paraphrase”
The writer properly cites
a source, but neglects to
put in quotation marks
on text that has been
copied word-for-word,
Source: http://www.webslaw.com/how-to-craft-
or close to it. the-perfect-lawyer-bio.php
 TYPES OF PLAGIARISM:
SOURCES CITED (BUT STILL PLAGIARIZED)
4. “The Resourceful Citer”
The writer properly cites all Source:
http://w

sources, paraphrasing and ww.free

pik.com/

using quotations free-

photo/y

appropriately. The catch? oung-

man-

The paper contains almost holding-

many-

no original work! books_8

57159.ht
m
 TYPES OF PLAGIARISM:
SOURCES CITED (BUT STILL PLAGIARIZED)
5. “The Perfect Crime”
The writer properly
quotes and cites sources
in some places, but goes
on to paraphrase other
arguments from those
sources without
citation. Source:
http://www.manilaspeak.com/commentary
/plagiarism%E2%80%95an-academic-crime
WHAT ABOUT IMAGES, VIDEOS, AND MUSIC?
Source: http://www.plagiarism.org/plagiarism-101/what-is-plagiarism/

Source: https://www.sagaftra.org/musicvideos
WHAT ABOUT IMAGES, VIDEOS, AND MUSIC?
Source: http://www.plagiarism.org/plagiarism-101/what-is-plagiarism/

Without receiving proper permission or providing

appropriate citation, the following are considered
plagiarism:
• Copying media (especially images) from other
websites to paste them into your own papers or
websites.
• Making a video using footage from others’ videos or
using copyrighted music as part of the soundtrack.
WHAT ABOUT IMAGES, VIDEOS, AND MUSIC?
Source: http://www.plagiarism.org/plagiarism-101/what-is-plagiarism/

Without receiving proper permission or providing

appropriate citation, the following are considered
plagiarism:
• Performing another person’s copyrighted music (i.e.,
playing a cover).
• Composing a piece of music that borrows heavily
from another composition.
References

• Media and Information Literacy Curriculum Guide by

DepEd
• Media and Information Literacy by Boots C. Liquigan,
Diwa Learning Systems Inc.
• https://www.aumentolaw.com.ph/copyright/
• http://www.wipo.int/about-ip/en/
• http://www.slideshare.net/DaeBogan/music-publishing-
copyright-administration-in-the-internet-age
References
• Media and Information Literacy Curriculum Guide by DepEd
• Media and Information Literacy by Boots C. Liquigan, Diwa Learning
Systems Inc.
• http://mcc.gse.harvard.edu/files/gse-
mcc/files/social_media_resource_list_0_0.pdf
• http://www.digitalcitizenship.net/
• https://www.commonsensemedia.org/educators/digital-citizenship
• http://www.edutopia.org/blogs/tag/digital-citizenship
• http://www.albion.com/netiquette/introduction.html
• http://www.edutopia.org/blog/digital-citizenship-need-to-know-
vicki-davis
 References
• http://connectedconsulting.com/resources/twenty-first-century-skills/digital-citizenship/
• http://www.bbc.co.uk/webwise/guides/about-netiquette
• http://learning.colostate.edu/guides/guide.cfm?guideid=4
• http://www.bcps.org/offices/lis/models/slamdunks/digitalfootprint_ms/InCtrl_EssentialQ
uestions.pdf
• http://mediasmarts.ca/digital-media-literacy/digital-issues
• https://www.legalzoom.com/articles/posting-cover-songs-on-youtube-what-you-need-to-
know
• http://www.ipophil.gov.ph/images/Patents/IRRs/RepublicAct8293.pdf
• https://www.thoughtstopaper.com/knowledge/design-patents.php
• http://fairuse.stanford.edu/overview/fair-use/what-is-fair-use/
• https://creativecommons.org/about/
• http://www.gcflearnfree.org/print/blogbasics/copyright-and-fair-use?playlist=Blog_Basics
References
• Media and Information Literacy by Boots C. Liquigan,
Diwa Learning Systems Inc.
• http://www.plagiarism.org/plagiarism-101/what-is-
plagiarism/
• http://www.plagiarism.org/assets/downloads/types_of
_plagiarism.doc
• https://www.ox.ac.uk/students/academic/guidance/skil
ls/plagiarism?wssl=1
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cRJL82uhwyU
Photo Credit
• http://www.communication-relation.com/pages/au-service-de-l-
entreprise/transmission-de-competences/formation-de-formateur/
• http://www.buzzle.com/articles/what-is-a-flame-war-and-how-to-avoid-
it.html
• http://knowyourmeme.com/photos/488476-flaming
• http://lerablog.org/internet/the-importance-of-internet-privacy-and-
how-to-protect-your-privacy-with-a-vpn-service/
• http://screenrant.com/most-powerful-marvel-comics-villains/
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