Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Part 1
Basic Chinese ABC
Dummy’s Way to Speak Chinese:
Basic Conversational Chinese
300 Sentences
Part 1
Basic Chinese ABC
Basic Chinese ABC
What’s the callings for Chinese or Mandarin?
Putong Hua
Han Yu
Hua Yu
Zhong Wen
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Basic Chinese ABC
Chinese Characters- 汉字 Hànzì
Chinese is a pictorial language:
人 Rén People
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Basic Chinese ABC
Chinese Characters- 汉字 Hànzì
It’s an abstract art
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Basic Chinese ABC
Chinese Characters- 汉字 Hànzì
No alphabet but have Component Part
(Radicals)
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Basic Chinese ABC
Chinese Characters- 汉字 Hànzì
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Basic Chinese ABC
Chinese Characters- 汉字 Hànzì
Chinese Characters- 汉字 Hànzì are made by
strokes, which will follow it order and directions.
字 zì Chinese Character
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Basic Chinese ABC
Chinese Characters- 汉字 Hànzì
Three Attributes – SMS
Shape Meaning Sound
字 Words zì
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One SOUND Related many CHARACTERS
One character can have many meanings
1 ( 形 ) big; large; great
2 ( 形 ) heavy; strong:
3 ( 形 ) loud:
4 ( 形 ) of age:
5 ( 形 ) eldest:
大
6 ( 形 ) main; major; general:
Dà 7 ( 形 ) of size:
8 ( 形 ) [ used to give force to a
time word or expression]:
9 ( 副 ) greatly; fully; in a big
way; on a large scale:
10 [used after 不 to indicate
low degree or frequency]
da 达 Dá
。。。
25
打 Dǎ
meanings!!!!
答 Dá
。。
搭 Dā
。。。
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A single Character may have many meanings.
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Basic Chinese ABC
Chinese Characters- 汉字 Hànzì
Characters ( mostly two, some one, some 3 or
4) form a Phrase, which meaning is more
clear.
Phrase is similar to WORD in English.
For beginner, try to remember the Phrase.
If can, try to look at the 汉字 Hànzì , which
Presented by LegooMandarin.com 13
Basic Chinese ABC:
PinYin-Chinese Romanization
Pinyin is made of initials (consonants) and finals
(vowels): The initials (consonants):
•b p m f
•d t n l
•g k h
•j q x
• zh ch sh r
•z c s
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Basic Chinese ABC:
PinYin-Chinese Romanization
Finals (vowels): (simple form):
a o e
i u ü
ai ei ao ou
an en in
angeng ing ong
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Basic Chinese ABC:
PinYin-Chinese Romanization
Combined 21 Initials and 39 Finals,
& Four Tones
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Basic Chinese ABC:
PinYin-Chinese Romanization
Different Tone may have different meaning:
妈 Mā Mom
麻 Má Flax
马 Mǎ Horse
骂 Mà Scold
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Basic Chinese ABC:
PinYin-Chinese Romanization
Different Tone may have different meaning:
温 Wēn Warm
闻 Wén Smell
吻 Wěn Kiss
问 Wèn Ask
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Basic Chinese ABC:
PinYin-Chinese Romanization
Different Tone may have different meaning:
方 Fāng Square
房 Fáng House
访 Fǎng Visit
放 Fàng Put
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Basic Chinese ABC:
PinYin-Chinese Romanization
Different Tone may have different meaning:
七 Qī Seven
骑 Qí Ride
起 Qǐ Rise up
气 Qì Angry
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Basic Chinese ABC:
PinYin-Chinese Romanization
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Table of Combinations of Initials and
Finals (Partial)
Final a o e er ai ei
Initial
b ba bo bai bei
p pa po pai pei
m ma mo me mai mei
f fa fo fei
d da de dai dei
t ta te tai
n na ne nai nei
l la le lai lei
g ga ge gai gei
k ka ke kai kei
h ha he hai hei
Presented by LegooMandarin.com 22
Basic Chinese ABC:
Sentence Order
Chinese sentence order is subject-verb-object like
English
the adjective is put in front of a noun.
我 吃 饭。
Wǒ chī fàn
I eat rice (meal).
我 吃 白 饭。
Wǒ chī bái fàn
I eat white rice.
Presented by LegooMandarin.com 23
Basic Chinese ABC:
Sentence Order
WHO DO WHAT.
Subject Verb Object
I drink tea.
我 喝 茶。
Wǒ hē chá
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Basic Chinese ABC:
Sentence Order
我 今天在 家 喝 茶。
wǒ jīn tiān zài jiā hē chá
I drink tea at home today
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Basic Chinese ABC:
Sentence Order
车 上 有 人
chē shang yǒu rén
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Basic Chinese ABC:
Sentence Order
Or
有 人 在 车上。
yǒu rén zài chē shang .
Presented by LegooMandarin.com 27
Basic Chinese ABC:
Tense
The grammar is very simple and straight
forward.
Most notably, Chinese grammar does not
tense indicators:
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Basic Chinese ABC:
Tense
I cook meal.
我 做 饭。
Wǒ zuò fàn.
I am cooking meal.
我 在 做 饭。
Wǒ zài zuò fàn
I cook rice.
Presented by LegooMandarin.com 29
Basic Chinese ABC:
Tense
我 做 了 饭。
Wǒ zuò le fàn.
I cook (ed) rice. (Lit)
Presented by LegooMandarin.com 30
Basic Chinese ABC:
Tense
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Basic Chinese ABC:
Plurals
The plurals are also expressed by adding
characters as indicators if need.
We/us Wǒmen 我们
You (pl) Nǐmen 你们
They/them Tāmen 他们
们 men is used after a personal noun or a noun
to show plural number
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Basic Chinese ABC:
Possession
My Wǒ de 我的
Your(s) Nǐ de 你的
His/her(s) Tā de/tā de 他的 / 她的
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Basic Chinese ABC:
Numbers
1 Yī 一
2 Èr 二
3 Sān 三
4 Sì 四
5 Wǔ 五
6 Liù 六
7 Qī 七
8 Bā 八
9 Jiǔ 九
10 Shí 十
0 Líng 零
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Basic Chinese ABC:
Possession
My air ticket Wǒ de jīpiào 我的机票
Your child Nǐ de háizi 你的孩子
My house Wǒ de jiā 我的家
Your car Nǐ de jū 你的车
Presented by LegooMandarin.com 36
Basic Chinese ABC:
Numbers
100 Yī bǎi 一百
101 Yī bǎi líng yī 一百零一
110 Yī bǎi yī shí 一百一十
111 Yī bǎi yī shí yī 一百一十一
120 Yī bǎi èr shí 一百二十
199 Yī bǎi jiǔ shí jiǔ 一百九十九
200 Èr bǎi 二百
300 Sān bǎi 三百
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Basic Chinese ABC:
Numbers
1000 Qiān 千
1000 Yī qiān 一千
9999 Jiǔ qiān jiǔ bǎi jiǔ 九千九百九十九
shí jiǔ
10,000 Wàn 万
10,000 Yī wàn 一万
Million Bǎi wàn 百万
Ten million Qiān wàn 千万
A hundred of Yì 亿
million
One billion Shí yì 十亿
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Basic Chinese ABC:
Numbers
[ prefix for ordinal numbers] Dì
第
The first Dì yī
第一
The second Dì èr
第二
The Third Dì sān
第三
... … …
Presented by LegooMandarin.com 39
Basic Chinese ABC:
Month
January Yī yuè 一月 1st Month
April Sì yuè 四月 ……
May Wǔ yuè 五月
June Liù yuè 六月
July Qī yuè 七月
August Bā yuè 八月
September Jiǔ yuè 九月
October Shíyuè 十月
November Shí yī yuè 十一月
December Shí èr yuè 十二月
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Basic Chinese ABC:
Week
Week Xīng qí 星期
Monday Xīng qí yī 星期一 Week day one
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Basic Chinese ABC:
Day Time
Year: Nián 年
Month; Yuè 月
Date Rì 日
Date Hào 号
Day Tiān 天
From BIG to
2013 年 7 月 23 日 SMALL!
2013 Nián 7 yuè 23 rì
Presented by LegooMandarin.com 42
Basic Chinese ABC:
Day Time
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Basic Chinese ABC:
Day Time
The day before
yesterday
Qián tiān 前天
Yesterday Zuó tiān 昨天
Today: Jīn tiān 今天
Tomorrow. Míng tiān 明天
Day after tomorrow Hòu tiān 后天
Presented by LegooMandarin.com 44
Basic Chinese ABC:
Day Time
Morning Zǎo chen 早晨
Early morning Zǎo shang 早上
Forenoon; morning Shàng wǔ 上午
Noon; midday Zhōng wǔ 中午
Afternoon Xià wǔ 下午
Eveving; night : Wǎn shàng 晚上
Night Yè wǎn 夜晚
Night Hēi yè 黑夜
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Basic Chinese ABC:
Day Time
Before; formerly;
previously:
Yǐ qián 以前
Now; today; at
present
Xiàn zài 现在
After; afterwards;
later; hereafter:
Yǐ hòu 以后
Last time Shàng cì 上次
Next time Xià cì 下次
Presented by LegooMandarin.com 46
Basic Chinese ABC:
Time
Hour Xiǎo shí 小时
One Hour Yī gè xiǎo shí 一个小时
two hours Liǎng gè xiǎo shí 两个小时
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Basic Chinese ABC:
Time
Minute Fēn (zhōng) 分 (钟)
One minute Yī fēn (zhōng)
一分
(钟)
5:10 Wǔ diǎn shí fēn 五点十分
10 Pass Five Wǔ diǎn guò shí fēn 五点过十分
10 Minutes to 差十分五点
Chà shí fēn wǔ diǎn
Five
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Basic Chinese ABC:
Pointing things out
This Zhè 这
That Nà 那
This one Zhège 这个
That one Nàgè 那个
These Zhèxiē 这些
Those Nàxiē 那些
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Basic Chinese ABC:
Ask Questions
Who: Shuí 谁
Whose Shuí de 谁的
What Shén me 什么
When Shén me shí hou 什么时候
What time Shén me shí jiān 什么时间
Why; Why (or how) is 为什么
Wèi shé me
it that
How Zěn yàng 怎样
What is to be done? Zěn me bàn 怎么办
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Basic Chinese ABC:
Ask Questions
Which; what Nǎ 哪
Where Nǎ lǐ 哪里
Where Nǎ er 哪儿
Which one Nǎ ge rén 哪个人
Which day Nǎ tiān 哪天
Which year Nǎ nián 哪年
Which month Nǎ ge yuè 哪个月
How many; how
much:
Duō shǎo 多少
Presented by LegooMandarin.com 51
Basic Chinese ABC:
Ask Questions
East: Dōng 东
West Xi 西
South Nán 南
North: Běi 北
Centre; middle: Zhōng 中
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Basic Chinese ABC:
Directions
Front: Qián 前
Behind; at the back: Hòu 后
In; inside; Lǐ 里
Outside : Wài 外
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Basic Chinese ABC:
to Be: 是 sh ì
“to Be” “ 是 shi ”, which is universal for : is, am,
are, was, were.
Eg. I’m a doctor.
我 是 医生。
wǒ shì yī shēng
I am doctor. (Lit:)
Presented by LegooMandarin.com 57
Basic Chinese ABC:
to Be: 是 sh ì
But the verb “ 是 shi” is only followed by a noun.
I’m thirsty.
我 渴 了。
wǒ kě le .
(Lit:) I thirsty.
Or 我 很 渴。
wǒ hěn kě
I very thirsty.
Presented by LegooMandarin.com 58
Basic Chinese ABC:
to Be: 是 sh ì
我 很 高兴。
wǒ hěn gāo xìng
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Basic Chinese ABC:
Yes or No
Are you hungry?
(Lit): You hungry (indicator of question)
你 饿 吗?
Nǐ è ma?
(Lit) hungry
Yes.
饿
è
Presented by LegooMandarin.com 60
Basic Chinese ABC:
Yes or No
No.
(Lit) Not hungry
不饿
Bú è
Presented by LegooMandarin.com 61
Basic Chinese ABC:
to Be: 是 sh ì
Are you leaving tomorrow?
(Lit)
You tomorrow walk; leave (indicator of question)
你 明 天 走 吗?
Nǐ míng tiān zǒu ma?
Presented by LegooMandarin.com 62
Basic Chinese ABC:
to Be: 是 sh ì
Yes, I am.
(Lit) Correct, tomorrow walk; leave
对, 明天 走。
Duì, míngtiān zǒu.
Or
(Lit) Yes, tomorrow walk; leave
是, 明天 走。
Shì, míngtiān zǒu.
Presented by LegooMandarin.com 63
Basic Chinese ABC:
to Be: 是 sh ì
No, I’m not.
不 , 明天 不 走。
Bù, míng tiān bù zǒu.
Presented by LegooMandarin.com 64
Basic Chinese ABC:
to Be: 是 sh ì
Are you British?
你 是 英 国 人 吗?
Nǐ shì yīng guó rén ma?
You are UK people (indicator of question)?
Yes, I am British.
是 我 是 英 国 人。
Shì, wǒ shì yīng guó rén.
(Lit) Yes, I am UK people.
Presented by LegooMandarin.com 65
Basic Chinese ABC:
to Be: 是 sh ì
No, I am French
不是,我 是 法国 人。
Bùshì, wǒ shì fàguó rén.
(Lit) No, I am France people.
Presented by LegooMandarin.com 66
Basic Chinese ABC:
to Be: 是 sh ì
你 今天 有 空 吗?
Nǐ jīn tiān yǒu kòng ma?
Presented by LegooMandarin.com 67
Basic Chinese ABC:
to Be: 是 sh ì
Yes, I have.
有 我 今天 有 空。
Yǒu, wǒ jīn tiān yǒu kòng
Presented by LegooMandarin.com 68
Basic Chinese ABC:
to Be: 是 sh ì
No, I don’t have
Presented by LegooMandarin.com 69
Basic Chinese ABC:
to Be: 是 sh ì
or
you can just say
有 Yǒu have;
or
没有 Méiyǒu don’t have
Presented by LegooMandarin.com 70
Basic Chinese ABC:
to Be: 是 sh ì
A Tip:
Most oral Chinese sentences are
not full sentence according to
English grammar. Chinese
sentences are short (or concise) and
straight forward.
Chinese is the simplest language!!!
Presented by LegooMandarin.com 71
Basic Chinese ABC:
to Be: 是 sh ì
Do you have any things to do today?
你 今天 有 事 吗?
Nǐ jīn tiān yǒu shì ma?
Or just say:
没 méi
no, don’t have
Presented by LegooMandarin.com 72
Basic Chinese ABC:
to Be: 是 sh ì
有 咖啡 吗?
Yǒu kā fēi ma?
Presented by LegooMandarin.com 73
Basic Chinese ABC:
to Be: 是 sh ì
Yes, I have.
有
Yǒu
(Lit) have
没 有
méi yǒu
(Lit) no have.
Presented by LegooMandarin.com 74
Basic Chinese ABC:
to Be: 是 sh ì
Do you want some tea?
要 茶 吗?
Yào chá ma?
Presented by LegooMandarin.com 75
Basic Chinese ABC:
to Be: 是 sh ì
Yes
要
Yào
(Lit) Want
(Lit) No want
不 要
Bú yào.
Presented by LegooMandarin.com 76
Basic Chinese ABC:
Greeting
Let’s begin to tally how many sentences can
you speak:
1. Hello
你好!
Nǐ hǎo
Presented by LegooMandarin.com 77
Basic Chinese ABC:
Greeting
2 Thank you
谢谢
Xiè xie
3 You're welcome
Lit No polite
不 客气
Bú kè qì
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Basic Chinese ABC:
Greeting
客 Kè visitor; guest
客气 Kè qì polite; courteous:
客人 Kè rén visitor; guest
Presented by LegooMandarin.com 79
Basic Chinese ABC:
Greeting
4 I am sorry
对不起
Duì bù qǐ
5 Never mind
没 关系
Méi guān xì
Presented by LegooMandarin.com 80
Basic Chinese ABC:
Greeting
6 Goodbye
Tomorrow see
明 天见
Míng tiān jiàn
Presented by LegooMandarin.com 81
Basic Chinese ABC:
Greeting
9 How are you?
used at the end of a
Lit: You good ?
declarative sentence
to transform it into a
你 好 吗? 吗 question.
Nǐ hǎo ma? used at the end of an
呢 interrogative sentence.
我 很 好, 谢谢,你 呢?
Wǒ hěn hǎo, xiè xiè, nǐ ne?
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365 Mandarin
每日汉语 FY1
方正汉语
LEGOO MANDARIN.com
LCWM 2.12
方正汉语 More Edeo courses
at: www.LEGOO
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