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How to

Speak Mandarin in 10 Hours:


Basic Conversational Chinese 300 Sentences

Part 1
Basic Chinese ABC
Dummy’s Way to Speak Chinese:
Basic Conversational Chinese
300 Sentences

Part 1
Basic Chinese ABC
Basic Chinese ABC
What’s the callings for Chinese or Mandarin?
Putong Hua
Han Yu
Hua Yu
Zhong Wen

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Basic Chinese ABC
Chinese Characters- 汉字 Hànzì
 Chinese is a pictorial language:

人 Rén People

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Basic Chinese ABC
Chinese Characters- 汉字 Hànzì
 It’s an abstract art

行 Xíng walk; travel:

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Basic Chinese ABC
Chinese Characters- 汉字 Hànzì
 No alphabet but have Component Part
(Radicals)

字 zì is made of by 宀 roof & 子 zi


son

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Basic Chinese ABC
Chinese Characters- 汉字 Hànzì

 There are around 204 radicals, but the most


20 common radicals account 51% of Chinese
Characters.
 See www.legoomandarin.com
free blogs for more details.

Presented by LegooMandarin.com 7
Basic Chinese ABC
Chinese Characters- 汉字 Hànzì
 Chinese Characters- 汉字 Hànzì are made by
strokes, which will follow it order and directions.

字 zì Chinese Character

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Basic Chinese ABC
Chinese Characters- 汉字 Hànzì
 Three Attributes – SMS
 Shape Meaning Sound

Shape Meaning Sound

字 Words zì

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 One SOUND Related many CHARACTERS
 One character can have many meanings
1 ( 形 ) big; large; great
2 ( 形 ) heavy; strong:
3 ( 形 ) loud:
4 ( 形 ) of age:
5 ( 形 ) eldest:


6 ( 形 ) main; major; general:
Dà 7 ( 形 ) of size:
8 ( 形 ) [ used to give force to a
time word or expression]:
9 ( 副 ) greatly; fully; in a big
way; on a large scale:
10 [used after 不 to indicate
low degree or frequency]

da 达 Dá
。。。

25
打 Dǎ
meanings!!!!
答 Dá
。。

搭 Dā
。。。

Presented by LegooMandarin.com 10
 A single Character may have many meanings.

Presented by LegooMandarin.com 11
Presented by LegooMandarin.com 12
Basic Chinese ABC
Chinese Characters- 汉字 Hànzì
 Characters ( mostly two, some one, some 3 or
4) form a Phrase, which meaning is more
clear.
 Phrase is similar to WORD in English.
 For beginner, try to remember the Phrase.
 If can, try to look at the 汉字 Hànzì , which

still contains information.

Presented by LegooMandarin.com 13
Basic Chinese ABC:
PinYin-Chinese Romanization
Pinyin is made of initials (consonants) and finals
(vowels): The initials (consonants):
•b p m f
•d t n l
•g k h
•j q x
• zh ch sh r
•z c s

Presented by LegooMandarin.com 14
Basic Chinese ABC:
PinYin-Chinese Romanization
 Finals (vowels): (simple form):
a o e
i u ü
 ai ei ao ou
 an en in
 angeng ing ong

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Basic Chinese ABC:
PinYin-Chinese Romanization
 Combined 21 Initials and 39 Finals,
& Four Tones

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Basic Chinese ABC:
PinYin-Chinese Romanization
 Different Tone may have different meaning:

妈 Mā Mom
麻 Má Flax
马 Mǎ Horse
骂 Mà Scold

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Basic Chinese ABC:
PinYin-Chinese Romanization
 Different Tone may have different meaning:

温 Wēn Warm

闻 Wén Smell

吻 Wěn Kiss

问 Wèn Ask

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Basic Chinese ABC:
PinYin-Chinese Romanization
 Different Tone may have different meaning:

方 Fāng Square

房 Fáng House

访 Fǎng Visit

放 Fàng Put

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Basic Chinese ABC:
PinYin-Chinese Romanization
 Different Tone may have different meaning:

七 Qī Seven

骑 Qí Ride

起 Qǐ Rise up

气 Qì Angry

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Basic Chinese ABC:
PinYin-Chinese Romanization

The initials and finals can be combined in


the following table which represents all
Chinese pronunciation, total around 405.

Presented by LegooMandarin.com 21
Table of Combinations of Initials and
Finals (Partial)
Final a o e er ai ei
Initial              
b   ba bo     bai bei
p   pa po     pai pei
m   ma mo me   mai mei
f   fa fo       fei
d   da   de   dai dei
t   ta   te   tai  
n   na   ne   nai nei
l   la   le   lai lei
g   ga   ge   gai gei
k   ka   ke   kai kei
h   ha   he   hai hei
Presented by LegooMandarin.com 22
Basic Chinese ABC:
Sentence Order
 Chinese sentence order is subject-verb-object like
English
 the adjective is put in front of a noun.

我 吃 饭。
Wǒ chī fàn
I eat rice (meal).

我 吃 白 饭。
Wǒ chī bái fàn
I eat white rice.

Presented by LegooMandarin.com 23
Basic Chinese ABC:
Sentence Order

WHO DO WHAT.
Subject Verb Object
I drink tea.

我 喝 茶。
Wǒ hē chá

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Basic Chinese ABC:
Sentence Order

WHO WHEN WHERE DO WHAT.


Subject Time Location Verb Object
I today at home drink tea.

我 今天在 家 喝 茶。
wǒ jīn tiān zài jiā hē chá
I drink tea at home today

Presented by LegooMandarin.com 25
Basic Chinese ABC:
Sentence Order

SOMEWHERE HAS SOMETHING.


car above has people.

车 上 有 人
chē shang yǒu rén

There is people on the car.

Presented by LegooMandarin.com 26
Basic Chinese ABC:
Sentence Order
Or

HAVE SOMETHING AT SOMEWHERE


Has People at car above

有 人 在 车上。
yǒu rén zài chē shang .

There is people on the car.

Presented by LegooMandarin.com 27
Basic Chinese ABC:
Tense
 The grammar is very simple and straight
forward.
 Most notably, Chinese grammar does not

have conjugation, tenses, gender, plurals or


other grammatical rules in other major
languages such as English, French or Arabic.
 The tense are expressed with adverbs or

tense indicators:

Presented by LegooMandarin.com 28
Basic Chinese ABC:
Tense
I cook meal.
我 做 饭。
Wǒ zuò fàn.

I am cooking meal.

我 在 做 饭。
Wǒ zài zuò fàn
I cook rice.

在 zài or ( 正在 Zhèngzài) is placed infront of a verb to indicate an action is in


progress.

Presented by LegooMandarin.com 29
Basic Chinese ABC:
Tense

我 做 了 饭。
Wǒ zuò le fàn.
I cook (ed) rice. (Lit)

 Literature (Lit) is direct translation. Or you call it BET –


Broken English Translation
 
 “ 了 le” is used after a verb or adjective to indicate
completion of work or change
 

Presented by LegooMandarin.com 30
Basic Chinese ABC:
Tense

I cooked rice aleady.


I already cook (ed) rice. (lit)
我 已经 做 了 饭
Wǒ yǐ jīng zuò le fàn.

Presented by LegooMandarin.com 31
Basic Chinese ABC:
Plurals
The plurals are also expressed by adding
characters as indicators if need.
 
We/us Wǒmen 我们
You (pl) Nǐmen 你们
They/them Tāmen 他们
 
们 men is used after a personal noun or a noun
to show plural number

Presented by LegooMandarin.com 32
Basic Chinese ABC:
Possession
My Wǒ de 我的
Your(s) Nǐ de 你的
His/her(s) Tā de/tā de 他的 / 她的

Our(s) Wǒmen de 我们的


Your(s) Nǐmen de 你们的
Their(s) Tāmen de 他们的
David’s Dà wèi de 大卫的

Presented by LegooMandarin.com 33
Basic Chinese ABC:
Numbers
1 Yī 一
2 Èr 二
3 Sān 三
4 Sì 四
5 Wǔ 五
6 Liù 六
7 Qī 七
8 Bā 八
9 Jiǔ 九
10 Shí 十
0 Líng 零
Presented by LegooMandarin.com 34
Basic Chinese ABC:
Possession
My air ticket Wǒ de jīpiào 我的机票
Your child Nǐ de háizi 你的孩子
My house Wǒ de jiā 我的家
Your car Nǐ de jū 你的车

Your dad Nǐ bàba 你爸爸


My younger brother Wǒ dìdì 我弟弟
Presented by LegooMandarin.com 35
Basic Chinese ABC:
Numbers
11 Shí yī
十一
12 Shí èr
十二
20 Èr shí
二十
21 Èr shí yī
二十一
30 Sān shí
三十
90 Jiǔ shí
九十
99 Jiǔ shí jiǔ
九十九

Presented by LegooMandarin.com 36
Basic Chinese ABC:
Numbers
100 Yī bǎi 一百
101 Yī bǎi líng yī 一百零一
110 Yī bǎi yī shí 一百一十
111 Yī bǎi yī shí yī 一百一十一
120 Yī bǎi èr shí 一百二十
199 Yī bǎi jiǔ shí jiǔ 一百九十九
200 Èr bǎi 二百
300 Sān bǎi 三百

Presented by LegooMandarin.com 37
Basic Chinese ABC:
Numbers
1000 Qiān 千
1000 Yī qiān 一千
9999 Jiǔ qiān jiǔ bǎi jiǔ 九千九百九十九
shí jiǔ
10,000 Wàn 万
10,000 Yī wàn 一万
Million Bǎi wàn 百万
Ten million Qiān wàn 千万
A hundred of Yì 亿
million
One billion Shí yì 十亿
Presented by LegooMandarin.com 38
Basic Chinese ABC:
Numbers
[ prefix for ordinal numbers] Dì

The first Dì yī
第一
The second Dì èr
第二
The Third Dì sān
第三
... … …

Presented by LegooMandarin.com 39
Basic Chinese ABC:
Month
January Yī yuè 一月 1st Month

February Èr yuè 二月 2nd Month

March Sān yuè 三月 3rd Month

April Sì yuè 四月 ……

May Wǔ yuè 五月
June Liù yuè 六月
July Qī yuè 七月
August Bā yuè 八月
September Jiǔ yuè 九月
October Shíyuè 十月
November Shí yī yuè 十一月
December Shí èr yuè 十二月

Presented by LegooMandarin.com 40
Basic Chinese ABC:
Week
Week Xīng qí 星期
Monday Xīng qí yī 星期一 Week day one

Tuesday Xīng qí èr 星期二 Week day two

Wednesday Xīng qí sān 星期三 Week day three

Thursday Xīng qí sì 星期四 Week day four

Friday Xīng qí wǔ 星期五 Week day five

Saturday Xīng qí liù 星期六 Week day six

Sunday Xīng qí rì 星期日 Week day sun

Sunday Xīng qí tiān 星期天 Week day (day)

Presented by LegooMandarin.com 41
Basic Chinese ABC:
Day Time
Year: Nián 年
Month; Yuè 月
Date Rì 日
Date Hào 号
Day Tiān 天
From BIG to
2013 年 7 月 23 日 SMALL!
2013 Nián 7 yuè 23 rì

Presented by LegooMandarin.com 42
Basic Chinese ABC:
Day Time

The year before last Qián nián 前年


Last year. Qù nián 去年
This year Jīn nián 今年
Next year Míng nián 明年
Year after Hòu nián 后年

Presented by LegooMandarin.com 43
Basic Chinese ABC:
Day Time
The day before
yesterday
Qián tiān 前天
Yesterday Zuó tiān 昨天
Today: Jīn tiān 今天
Tomorrow. Míng tiān 明天
Day after tomorrow Hòu tiān 后天
Presented by LegooMandarin.com 44
Basic Chinese ABC:
Day Time
Morning Zǎo chen 早晨
Early morning Zǎo shang 早上
Forenoon; morning Shàng wǔ 上午
Noon; midday Zhōng wǔ 中午
Afternoon Xià wǔ 下午
Eveving; night : Wǎn shàng 晚上
Night Yè wǎn 夜晚
Night Hēi yè 黑夜
Presented by LegooMandarin.com 45
Basic Chinese ABC:
Day Time
Before; formerly;
previously:
Yǐ qián 以前
Now; today; at
present
Xiàn zài 现在
After; afterwards;
later; hereafter:
Yǐ hòu 以后
Last time Shàng cì 上次
Next time Xià cì 下次

Presented by LegooMandarin.com 46
Basic Chinese ABC:
Time
Hour Xiǎo shí 小时
One Hour Yī gè xiǎo shí 一个小时
two hours Liǎng gè xiǎo shí 两个小时

O'Clock Diǎn (zhōng) 点 (钟)


One o'Clock Yī diǎn zhōng 一点钟
Two o'clock Liǎng diǎn zhōng 两点钟

Presented by LegooMandarin.com 47
Basic Chinese ABC:
Time
Minute Fēn (zhōng) 分 (钟)
One minute Yī fēn (zhōng)
一分
(钟)
5:10 Wǔ diǎn shí fēn 五点十分
10 Pass Five Wǔ diǎn guò shí fēn 五点过十分
10 Minutes to 差十分五点
Chà shí fēn wǔ diǎn
Five

Presented by LegooMandarin.com 48
Basic Chinese ABC:
Pointing things out

This Zhè 这
That Nà 那
This one Zhège 这个
That one Nàgè 那个

These Zhèxiē 这些
Those Nàxiē 那些

Presented by LegooMandarin.com 49
Basic Chinese ABC:
Ask Questions
Who: Shuí 谁
Whose Shuí de 谁的
What Shén me 什么
When Shén me shí hou 什么时候
What time Shén me shí jiān 什么时间
Why; Why (or how) is 为什么
Wèi shé me
it that
How Zěn yàng 怎样
What is to be done? Zěn me bàn 怎么办

Presented by LegooMandarin.com 50
Basic Chinese ABC:
Ask Questions
Which; what Nǎ 哪
Where Nǎ lǐ 哪里
Where Nǎ er 哪儿
Which one Nǎ ge rén 哪个人
Which day Nǎ tiān 哪天
Which year Nǎ nián 哪年
Which month Nǎ ge yuè 哪个月
How many; how
much:
Duō shǎo 多少
Presented by LegooMandarin.com 51
Basic Chinese ABC:
Ask Questions

Do you have? Yǒu méi yǒu 有没有


Yes or no? Isn't it? Shì bù shì 是不是
Can or can not? Can …? Néng bù néng 能不能
Can or can not? Can …? Kě yǐ bù kě yǐ 可以不可以
Do …? (indicator of
... ... Ma?
... ... 吗
question)

Presented by LegooMandarin.com 52
Basic Chinese ABC:
Directions

East: Dōng 东
West Xi 西
South Nán 南
North: Běi 北
Centre; middle: Zhōng 中
Presented by LegooMandarin.com 53
Basic Chinese ABC:
Directions

Southeast Dōng nán 东南


Northeast Dōng běi 东北
Southwest Xī nán 西南
Northwest Xī běi 西北
Presented by LegooMandarin.com 54
Basic Chinese ABC:
Directions

Upper; upward; up Shàng 上


Down; under; below: Xià 下
The left; the left side Zuǒ 左
The right side; the right Yòu 右
Presented by LegooMandarin.com 55
Basic Chinese ABC:
Directions

Front: Qián 前
Behind; at the back: Hòu 后
In; inside; Lǐ 里
Outside : Wài 外

Presented by LegooMandarin.com 56
Basic Chinese ABC:
to Be: 是 sh ì
“to Be” “ 是 shi ”, which is universal for : is, am,
are, was, were.
Eg. I’m a doctor.

我 是 医生。
wǒ shì yī shēng
I am doctor. (Lit:)

Presented by LegooMandarin.com 57
Basic Chinese ABC:
to Be: 是 sh ì
But the verb “ 是 shi” is only followed by a noun.

I’m thirsty.

我 渴 了。
wǒ kě le .
(Lit:) I thirsty.
 

Or 我 很 渴。
wǒ hěn kě
I very thirsty.

Presented by LegooMandarin.com 58
Basic Chinese ABC:
to Be: 是 sh ì

(Lit:) I very happy

我 很 高兴。
wǒ hěn gāo xìng

Presented by LegooMandarin.com 59
Basic Chinese ABC:
Yes or No
Are you hungry?
(Lit): You hungry (indicator of question)  

你 饿 吗?
Nǐ è ma?

 (Lit) hungry
Yes.

饿
è

Presented by LegooMandarin.com 60
Basic Chinese ABC:
Yes or No
No.
(Lit) Not hungry

不饿
Bú è

Presented by LegooMandarin.com 61
Basic Chinese ABC:
to Be: 是 sh ì
Are you leaving tomorrow?

(Lit)
You tomorrow walk; leave (indicator of question)

你 明 天 走 吗?
Nǐ míng tiān zǒu ma?
 

Presented by LegooMandarin.com 62
Basic Chinese ABC:
to Be: 是 sh ì
Yes, I am.
(Lit) Correct, tomorrow walk; leave

对, 明天 走。
Duì, míngtiān zǒu.

Or
(Lit) Yes, tomorrow walk; leave

是, 明天 走。
Shì, míngtiān zǒu.

Presented by LegooMandarin.com 63
Basic Chinese ABC:
to Be: 是 sh ì
No, I’m not.

(Lit) No tomorrow not leave

不 , 明天 不 走。
Bù, míng tiān bù zǒu.

Presented by LegooMandarin.com 64
Basic Chinese ABC:
to Be: 是 sh ì
Are you British?

你 是 英 国 人 吗?
Nǐ shì yīng guó rén ma?
You are UK people (indicator of question)?
 
Yes, I am British.

是 我 是 英 国 人。
Shì, wǒ shì yīng guó rén.
(Lit) Yes, I am UK people.

Presented by LegooMandarin.com 65
Basic Chinese ABC:
to Be: 是 sh ì
No, I am French

不是,我 是 法国 人。
Bùshì, wǒ shì fàguó rén.
(Lit) No, I am France people.

Presented by LegooMandarin.com 66
Basic Chinese ABC:
to Be: 是 sh ì

Are you free today?

(Lit) You today have free time ?

你 今天 有 空 吗?
Nǐ jīn tiān yǒu kòng ma?

Presented by LegooMandarin.com 67
Basic Chinese ABC:
to Be: 是 sh ì
Yes, I have.

(Lit) Have, I today have free time

有 我 今天 有 空。
Yǒu, wǒ jīn tiān yǒu kòng

Presented by LegooMandarin.com 68
Basic Chinese ABC:
to Be: 是 sh ì
No, I don’t have

(Lit) No have I today no have free time


没有, 我 今天 没 空。
Méi yǒu, wǒ jīn tiān méi kōng.

Presented by LegooMandarin.com 69
Basic Chinese ABC:
to Be: 是 sh ì
or
you can just say

有 Yǒu have;
or
没有 Méiyǒu don’t have

to answer the 有 Yǒu or 没有 Méiyǒu


type of questions.

Presented by LegooMandarin.com 70
Basic Chinese ABC:
to Be: 是 sh ì

A Tip:
Most oral Chinese sentences are
not full sentence according to
English grammar. Chinese
sentences are short (or concise) and
straight forward.
Chinese is the simplest language!!!

Presented by LegooMandarin.com 71
Basic Chinese ABC:
to Be: 是 sh ì
Do you have any things to do today?

(Lit) You today have matter (indicator of question)?

你 今天 有 事 吗?
Nǐ jīn tiān yǒu shì ma?
Or just say:

没 méi
no, don’t have

Presented by LegooMandarin.com 72
Basic Chinese ABC:
to Be: 是 sh ì

Do you have coffee?

(Lit) Have coffee (indicator of question)?

有 咖啡 吗?
Yǒu kā fēi ma?

Presented by LegooMandarin.com 73
Basic Chinese ABC:
to Be: 是 sh ì

Yes, I have.


Yǒu
(Lit) have

No, I don’t have.

没 有
méi yǒu
(Lit) no have.
Presented by LegooMandarin.com 74
Basic Chinese ABC:
to Be: 是 sh ì
Do you want some tea?

(Lit) Want tea (indicator of question)?

要 茶 吗?
Yào chá ma?

Presented by LegooMandarin.com 75
Basic Chinese ABC:
to Be: 是 sh ì

Yes

Yào
(Lit) Want

No, I don’t want

(Lit) No want
不 要
Bú yào.
Presented by LegooMandarin.com 76
Basic Chinese ABC:
Greeting
 Let’s begin to tally how many sentences can
you speak:

1. Hello

Lit: You good

你好!
Nǐ hǎo

Presented by LegooMandarin.com 77
Basic Chinese ABC:
Greeting
2 Thank you

谢谢
Xiè xie

3 You're welcome

Lit No polite

不 客气
Bú kè qì

Presented by LegooMandarin.com 78
Basic Chinese ABC:
Greeting
客 Kè visitor; guest
客气 Kè qì polite; courteous:
客人 Kè rén visitor; guest

不客气 Bú kè qì (in reply to one's


thanks) you're welcome; don't mention it; not
at all

Presented by LegooMandarin.com 79
Basic Chinese ABC:
Greeting
4 I am sorry

对不起
Duì bù qǐ

5 Never mind

没 关系
Méi guān xì

Presented by LegooMandarin.com 80
Basic Chinese ABC:
Greeting
6 Goodbye

Lit Again see


再 见
Zài jiàn
见 1 see; catch sight of:
7 See you tomorrow 2 meet with; be exposed to:

Tomorrow see

明 天见
Míng tiān jiàn

Presented by LegooMandarin.com 81
Basic Chinese ABC:
Greeting
9 How are you?
used at the end of a
Lit: You good ?
declarative sentence
to transform it into a
你 好 吗? 吗 question.
Nǐ hǎo ma? used at the end of an
呢 interrogative sentence.

9 I'm fine, thank you, How about you?

Lit: I very good. Thanks. You ?

我 很 好, 谢谢,你 呢?
Wǒ hěn hǎo, xiè xiè, nǐ ne?

Presented by LegooMandarin.com 82
365 Mandarin
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