• Part 2 : Learning Task • Part 3: Hands-on (Machine Problem) Objectives
At the end of the discussion, the students are expected to:
• Identify the basic components of C program; • Get familiar with the structure of C program; • Use simple input and output statements in C; • Create C arithmetic expressions for solving problem; • Write a C program following the basic structure of C. C Programming Language
• is a general purpose programming
• Considered as a middle level programming language because it combined the low level language and the elegance of high level language • Was developed at Bell Laboratories in 1972 by Dennis Ritchie • C is what is called a compiled language. – This means that once you write your C program, you must run it through a C compiler to turn your program into an executable that the computer can run (execute). – The C program is the human-readable form, while the executable that comes out of the compiler is the machine-readable and executable form. • C is called a structured programming language – to solve a large problem, C programming language divides the problem into smaller modules called functions or procedures each of which handles a particular responsibility.. C Program Structure
• A C program basically has the following form:
– Preprocessor Commands: Declare standard libraries used inside the program – Type definitions: Define new data types used inside the program – Function Prototype: Declare Function Types and Variables passed function – Variables: State the names and data types of global and local variables. – Functions: Include the main function (required) and the functions that their prototypes were announced above. – Comments : are plain simple text in a C program that are not compiled by the compiler. We write comments for better understanding of the program. #include <stdio.h> int main() { clrscr(); printf (“Welcome to C Programming”); //this is an output statement getch(); return 0; } • #include <stdio.h> – Preprocessor commands telling the compiler to include the header file stdio. h . Header file stdio.h contains the standard input and output commands in C such as the printf and scanf. • int main() – Indicates a main program. Every C program contains this function. • { – Where the main () program starts • clrscr() – Is the clear the screen standard function that tells the C compiler to clear the entire screen. • //this is an output statement – Comment that says the preceding line is an output statement • printf() – displays on the screen whatever is inside the parenthesis inside the quotation • getch() – this command or function allows the user to view the output of a program. Means get character from the keyboard. • return (0); – The return value is the exit code of your program. The 0 exit code is a widely accepted convention for 'OK the program execution was successful'. • } – ending point of the main() program Basic Input/ Output Statement in C • Input – scanf() is the standard input statement in C. Reads all data types – getch() reads a single character from keyboard, it does not have any buffer, so the entered character is immediately returned without waiting for enter key – gets() reads series of characters but reads space as character too – getche() reads single character from the keyboard and displays immediately on output screen without waiting for enter key – getchar() reads a character from the terminal and returns it as integer. This function reads only single character at a time. • Output – printf() standard output statement in C – puts() used to write a series of characters to the output screen – putchar() displays the character passed to it on the screen and returns the same character. Displays only a single character at a time. Example
• Write a C program that allows you to input your name and
display a comment for the inputted name. Example
• Write a C program to determine a student’s final grade.
The final grade is calculated as the average of grades in four subjects. Display the final grade. Learning Task
• Set A: Write a program that converts the input dollar to its
peso exchange rate equivalent. Assume that the present exchange rate is 51.50 pesos against dollar. Then display the peso equivalent exchange rate. • Set B: Write a program that converts the inputted length in centimeter into inches. Let us say that 1 inch is equal to 2.54 cm.