CHAPTER 4

LESSON 4.1:
THE CONTROL
CENTER
 The Body’s Control System

To keep the body’s homeostasis,

several organs must work together to
maintain a coordinated state of
parts, functions, and processes within
the body.
The Body’s Control System

Messages from one part must be

generated, delivered, interpreted
and acted upon by the assigned
organ system.
 The System for Body
Communication
A. Endocrine System
B. Nervous System

**** both of these allow you to

respond to the environmental stimuli
all throughout life
 Regulatory Mechanisms
in the Body
-helps maintain internal equilibrium

1. Evaporation of water helps regulate body

temperature.
2. Kidneys maintain water balance.
3. Blood distribute heat throughout the body.
4. Hypothalamus maintains temperature amd changes
in osmotic pressure.
5. Pancreas regulates blood sugar
6. Skeletal muscle contract and release heat.
Regulatory Mechanisms
in the Body
THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
AND ENDOCRINE
SYSTEM
 Nervous System

Composed of physically connected network

of nerve cells, tissues, and organs that control
your thoughts, senses, and movement as well
as body functions such as breathing.
 Endocrine System
- A collection of physically disconnected
glands that also help in regulation of body
processes such as GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT,
AND CONJURING RESPONSES to the
environment.
 Stimulus
- (plural: stimuli) something that can cause or
elicit a response from the organism.
- Stimulus usually triggers a change in the
individual which maybe in the form of
chemical, cellular, or behavioral responses.
Stimulus
 Difference between the Nervous and Endocrine Systems

Feature Nervous System Endocrine System

Signal Electrical Impulses Chemical Impulses

(action potentials) (Hormones)

Pathways Transmission of neurons Transported by blood

Speed of info fast slow

Duration of effect Short lived Short or Long lived

Types of action and response Voluntary or involuntary Always involuntary

Target Localized Often distant

(cells connected to neuron) (many cells can be affected)