Prepared by:

The Evolution of the G

I. Evolution
Definition of terms:

G - generation

the “number” is just the representation of

the evolution of technology
I. Evolution
1G era
• There was never something called 1G at first - it is
basically was a network with only voice call capabilities

• Got the name 1G after 2G was put to use

I. Evolution
2G era
• 1980’s to 2003

• GSM, GPRS, EDGE

• GSM - “Global System for Mobile Communication” enables data

transfer on top of voice communication at speeds 30-35 kbps
I. Evolution
2G era
• GPRS - “General Packet Radio Service” similar with GSM with a higher
data speeds of 100 kbps

• EDGE - “Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution” was introduced in

2003 was somewhat known as 2.9G go 3G due to significant
advancements over GSM and GPRS
I. Evolution
•EDGE - offered high speeds at 135 kbps and
continues to be used on many mobile
networks even today as it satisfies the basic
needs of both carriers and users in various
parts of the world
I. Evolution
3G era
• Big revolution in terms of technological advancements for network and
data transmission

• Speed up to 2 mbps

• Provide faster communication, send/receive large emails and texts,

provide fast web browsing, video streaming and more security
I. Evolution
3G era

• Based on CDMA2000 (Code-division

multiple access) and EDGE technologies -
enabled multiple channels to communicate
at the same time
I. Evolution
4G era

• The 4G standards sets several

requirements for mobile networks including
mandating the use of Internet Protocol (IP)
for data traffic and minimum data rates of
100 Mbps
I. Evolution
4G era
• The International Telecommunication Union’s Radio (ITU-R)
set standards for 4G connectivity in March 2008, requiring
all services described as 4G to adhere to a set of speed
and connection standards.
I. Evolution
4G era

• Mobile use (smartphones and tablets) - a

peak of at least 100 megabits per second

• Stationary uses (mobile hot spots) - at lease

1 gigabit per second
I. Evolution
4G era
M - Mobile automation

A -Anytime anywhere

G - Global mobility support

I - Integrated wireless solution

C - Customized personal service

I. Evolution
LTE
• Long - term Evolution

• For a long time, when your phone displayed the “4G” symbol in the upper
right corner, it didn’t really mean it.

• When the ITU-R set the minimum speeds for 4G, they were a bit unreachable,
despite the amount of money tech manufacturers put into achieving them.
I. Evolution
4G LTE

• In response, the regulating body decided

that LTE, the name given to the technology
used in pursuit of those standards, could be
labeled as 4G if it provided a substantial
improvement over the 3G technology.
I. Evolution
LTE-A

• LTE-A - Long-term Evolution Advanced

• A step closer to proper 4G - offers faster

speeds and greater stability
 II. What is 5G?
• 5G networks are the next generation of mobile internet connectivity,
offering faster speeds and more reliable connections on smartphones and
other devices than ever before.

• With average download speeds of around 1GBps expected soon

• Apart from expected improvement in mobile phone technology, 5G will

also transform and catalyse technological advancements like self-driving
cars, virtual/augmented reality, tactile internet (where machines would be
able to touch and feel), smart cities, and internet of things (IoT).
 II. What is 5G?
• The networks will help power a huge rise in Internet of
Things technology, providing the infrastructure needed
to carry huge amounts of data, allowing for a smarter
and more connected world.

• To launch across the world by 2020

• South Korea - first to launch 5G ready phones

III. When will 5G launch?
In the US

Verizon launched 5G network at the start of April 2019 -

first globally to offer the next-generation network

Only limited parts of Chicago with just two handsets

currently available

In Chicago, 1.4Gbps was obtained but coverage is patchy

III. When will 5G launch?
In the US

AT&T has rolled out its 5G network to 19

cities across the States, but it still doesn't
offer any 5G phones - with your only
option for now a 5G Netgear Nitehawk
mobile hotspot.
III. When will 5G launch?
In the US

T-mobile is yet to launch its 5G network

in the US, but it previously said it would
bring 5G to 30 cities, starting in New York
City, Los Angeles, Dallas, and Las Vegas.
III. When will 5G launch?
In the UK

5G in London, UK is more of a mixed bag, with speeds

ranging from 200Mbps to 550Mbps - much quicker than
4G

EE - May 30, 2019

O2 and Three - 2019

III. When will 5G launch?
In Australia

Telstra’s 5G coverage went live as of May,

2019, with the launch of the first 5G
smartphone in Australia - the Samsung
Galaxy S10 5G

Optus - March 2020

IV. Phones available
In the US:

Motorola’s 5G Moto Mod - Moto Z Samsung Galaxy S10 5G

 IV. Phones available
In the UK:

Oppo Reno 5G One Plus 7 Pro 5G Samsung Galaxy S10 5G

 IV. Phones available
In the UK:
 IV. Phones available
In Australia:

Oppo Reno 5G LG V50 ThinQ 5G Samsung Galaxy S10 5G

STANDOFF
V. US versus CHINA
On December 1, 2018 - Huawei’s CFO , daughter of CEO,
Meng Wanzhou was arrested in Vancouver, Canada at the
request of USA authorities - due to helping the company cover
up violations of the US sanctions in Iran by telling financial
institutions that a Huawei subsidiary was a separate company
V. US versus CHINA
US President Donald Trump banned Huawei
by issuing a national security order on May
15, 2019 - if remains, Google and Facebook
will sever their ties with Huawei
V. US versus CHINA
US see Huawei as a security threat - spies
for Chinese Government

But why Huawei?

V. US versus CHINA

Global revenue shares of top five telecom service provider equipment companies
V. US versus CHINA

Number of smartphones shipped in the third quarter of 2018

Number of smartphones shipped in the third quarter of 2018

VI. 5G rollout: A collateral
damage?
Huawei is a frontrunner in developing 5G technology and it
is supposed to play a central role in China’s ambition to
dominate the rollout of super fast wireless networks
worldwide.

Unveiling of the new 5G technology will radically change the

technological demography of the world in the coming years
VI. 5G rollout: A collateral
damage?
Whichever nation captures the larger market share
will have the upper hand in futuristic tech domains
such as artificial intelligence (AI).

China’s ambition to dominate the tech field is

crucially dependent on Huawei.
VI. 5G rollout: A collateral
damage?

5G subscribers share projection by RAN (Radio Access Network) vendor by 2023

VI. 5G rollout: A collateral
damage?
Huawei’s and China’s plan for tech dominance can be seriously
jolted by the effective ban imposed on the company by the USA

Huawei’s phone production and world market share will be

affected by the withdrawal of Google and Android

Huawei is heavily dependent on semi-conductor microchips

produced by advanced countries including USA and the UK.
VI. 5G rollout: A collateral
damage?
Opinions about Huawei are divided and the government are
undecided about future of the company in countries like the
Netherlands, Italy, Austria, Poland, Latvia and Lithuania. Final
tilt of these countries will largely decide the fate of Huawei in
the European continent
Europe’s position on Huawei
VI. 5G rollout: A collateral
damage?
Therefore, effective export ban will affect the
company’s production of various devices and
equipment, which will delay 5G rollout in
several countries across the world
References:
https://mse238blog.stanford.edu/2017/07/ssound/1g-2g-5g-the-evolution-of-the-gs/

https://www.digitaltrends.com/mobile/4g-vs-lte/

https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/amidst-us-china-standoff-huawei-battles-surviva
l-52903/

https://www.techradar.com/news/what-is-5g-everything-you-need-to-know/2

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5G

https://www.howtogeek.com/340002/what-is-5g-and-how-fast-will-it-be/

https://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/definition/5G