Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Session Objectives
1. Function definition
2. Domain, codomain and range
3. Standard real functions
4. Applications
Functions vs. Relations
• A "relation" is just a relationship between sets of information.
Joe=1 6’=6
Mike=2 5’9”=5.75
Rose=3 5’=5
Kiki=4 5’=5
Jim=5 6’6”=6.5
Jim
Kiki
Rose
Mike
Joe
Observations:
(i) A relation from A to B is not a
function if it either violates
condition 1 or 2 or both, i.e.
either some element of A is not
associated to element of B or
some element of A is associated
to more than one elements of B
or both.
(ii) In a function from A to B, two
elements of A can be associated
to one element of B (examples
R7, R10)
Observations
(i) A relation from A to B is not a function
if it either violates condition 1 or 2 or
both, i.e. either some element of A is
not associated to element of B or some
element of A is associated to more than
one elements of B or both.
(ii) In a function from A to B, two elements
of A can be associated to one element
of B (examples R7, R10) A B A B
V a lid f o r N o t v a lid fo r
fu n c tio n f u n c tio n s b u t v a lid f o r
(iii) If f :A � B be the function, then r e la t io n s
o(f) = o(A) and Dom(f) = A.
Domain, Codomain and Range of a Function
Let f :A � B be the function, then set ‘A’
is called the domain of f and set ‘B’ is
called the codomain of f. The set of
those elements of B which are related
by elements of A is called range of f
or image of set A under f and is
denoted by f(A), i.e.
f A f a | a A Range of f.
Clearly, f A B.
Domain, Codomain and Range of a Function
For example:
A B A B
R R 8
7
a 1 a 1
b 2 b 2
A B A B
R R 8
7
a 1 a 1
b 2 b 2
y f x :[ a, c ] � R, then
w
Domain of f is [a, c]
v
Codomain is R
u Range is [u, w]
a b c
Some Standard Real Functions and
Their Graphs
Constant function: f(x) = c
Let f : R � R be the real function defined as
f x c " x �R for some c �R
(0 , c ) y = f(x ) = c
x Note: f : A B is constant
O
function if " a A , f(a) = c
for some c B.
Some Standard Real Functions and
Their Graphs
Identity function: f(x) = x
Let f : R � R be the real function defined as
f x x " x �R
Dom (f) = R
Codomain (f) = R
Range (f) = R
y
Note: f : A A given by f(a) = a
" a A is identity function denoted
x
A
f( x
=
y
x
O
Some Standard Real Functions and
Their Graphs
Modulus function: f(x) = |x|
Let f : R � R be the real function defined as
�x, x �0
f x x �
�- x, x < 0
y = f(x ) = x x
– =
x y
x
x < 0 O x 0
Some Standard Real Functions and
Their Graphs
Greatest integer function: f(x) = [x]
Let f : R � R be the real function defined as
f x [ x ] " x �R
= greatest integer less than or equal to x.
For example:
[2.1] = 2, i.e. greatest integer less than or equal
to 2.1 is 2, similarly
[–2.1] = –3
[2] = 2
[3 . 9] = 3
[–3 . 9] = –4
Some Standard Real Functions and
Their Graphs
Hence [x] = 0 " 0 �x < 1
= 1 " 1 �x < 2
= 2 " 2 �x < 3
and so on. y
2
= –2 " - 2 �x < -1 and so on.
1
Combining we get [x] = n for x
–4 –3 – 2 –1 O 1 2 3 4
n x < n 1 "n z – 1
– 2
– 3
Some Standard Real Functions and
Their Graphs
Filled circle means, point is on the graph.
4
3 y = [x ]
2
1
x
–4 –3 – 2 –1 O 1 2 3 4
– 1 unfilled circle means, point is not on
the graph.
– 2
Dom(f) = R, Codomain (f) = R
– 3
Range (f) = z
– 4
Thank you