PMLS 1 PPT

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Slide Title
VISION
The PAMET is an association that envisions all
its member to be highly motivated medical
technologists who can be well-rounded
individuals to readily face challenges and
adapt to changes in order to become
globally competitive; be recognized in their
field and other endeavors through excellent
performance and quality service; be service
oriented and an instrument of unity,
harmony, and oneness in work and in spirit
 MISSION
To realize its vision, the PAMET shall be an association:
• That will develop and sustain programs/projects to
enhance the personal and professional growth and
development of its members
• That will encourage involvement in research and
public service, participation in local and international
undertakings for advancement in technology and for
the global recognition of a worth profession
MISSION
• That will effectively address the needs and
concerns of its members, and protect their
rights, privileges and interest by upholding
and safeguarding the practice of the
profession
• That will support activities which will
strengthen linkage and bonding among its
members
CORE VALUES
A. Excellence

B. Professionalism

C. Commitment

D. Unity
PRESIDENTS
Charlemagne T. Tamondong Nardito D. Moraleta
(1963-1967- UP Inst. Of Hygiene) (1967-1970-FEU)

Legacy: Professional Recognition

Legacy: Emergence of the Profession
Highlights of Accomplishments
Highlights of Accomplishment
•Approval of RA 5527 (SB #996)
• Public acceptance and recognition
•SEC Registration of PAMET
of PAMET
(Oct.14.2969)
•Approval on May 10, 1967 of HB
•First MT Board
7082 (MT Bill)
•PAMET Code of Ethics
•PAMET NEWS: 1ST Official Newsletter
 PRESIDENTS
FELIX E.ASPRER
(1970-71/1973-1977- UST)
Legacy: Professional Recognition
Highlights of Accomplishments
•Approval of PD 498
•Accreditation of PAMET as bonafide
professional organization for Med.Tech
by the PRC
• La Union, Pangasinan,Zambales,
Zamboanga
BERNARDO T. TABAOSARES
(1971-1973- FEU)
Legacy: Celebration of the Practice
Highlights of Accomplishments
•Amendments to the Teves Law
•Proclamation on September 15, 1972
of the Third week of September as the
Philippine Medical Technology Week
•Davao City
Angelina R. Jose Venerable C.V.Oca
(January 1973-September 1973-UST) 1977- February 1982

Legacy: Educational Enhancement

Legacy: Career Advocacy
Highlights of Accomplishments:
Highlights of Accomplishments:
•Monthly CPE
•Approval of 75.00 professional tax of
•Monthly medical missions
RMT by the BIR
•Monthly quiz contests
•Upgrading of the Med.Tech
•Classification of PAMET members
profession by raising its professional
code number from 20 to 3
 Carmencita P. Acedera Marilyn R. Atienza
(1982-1992-College of Holy Spirit) (1992-1996 PWU)

Legacy: Image Building

Legacy: Proactivism
Highlights of Accomplishments:
Highlights of Achievements:
•Conferment of Awards
•Closer coordination between
•Approval of the upgrading of the salary
PAMET and PASMETH
standardization of government of MT
•Acquisition of the PAMET
•Inclusion of hazard pay
Secretariat Office in Makati
•Aggressive implementation of CPE
•Approval of the PAMET
•Longest serving President
Constitution and By-Laws
 Norma N. Chang
(1997-2001 UST)
Legacy: International Leadership
Highlights of Accomplishments
•Approval of the 1997 Code of Ethics of
the Med.Tech Profession
•Bayanihan Plan
•Registration of the Philippine Journal of
Medical Technology in the International
Library Congress
•Formation of the Phil.Council for Quality
Assurance in Clinical Laboratories
Agnes B. Medenilla
(2001-2002/2005-2006 UST)
Legacy: Organizational Dynamism
Highlights of Accomplishments:
•Submission of proposed amendments
to RA 527 to the House of Reps.
•Job fair for new Med.Techs
•Ratification of the 2002 PAMET
Constitution and By-laws
•Recipient of the Most Outstanding
Professional Organization by CHAP 2001
 Shirley Fabian Cruzada
(2002-2005 FEU)
Legacy: Interdisciplinary Networking
Highlights of Accomplishments:
•Partnership with P&G in awarding
scholarship grants
•Collaborative activities: PAMET webs
•Implementation of electronic ID
system
•Formation of the Institution Review
Board
Leila M. Florento
(2006-2013 UST)
Legacy: Beyond Expectations
Highlights of Accomplishments
•CPE for Medical Technologists
•Intensified collaboration with P&G
•Heightened research related activities
through the help of Ms. Lily Alquiza
 Romeo Joseph Ignacio Ronaldo E. Puno
(2013-2016 San Juan De Dios) (2016-present)

Legacy: Soar Higher through VOICE

Highlights of Accomplishments:
•VOICE- Visibility, Oneness, Integrity,
Commitment and Excellence
CLINICAL LABORATORY
LABORATORY BIOSAFETY
LABORATORY ACQUIRED INFECTIONS
• 4.079 LAIs resulting in 168 deaths occurring between
1930 and 1978 (Pike and Sulkin)

• Brucella spp, Coxiella burnetii, HBV, Salmonella typhi,

Francisella tularensis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis,
Blastomyces dermatitidis, Venezuelan equine
encephalitis virus, Chlamydia psittaci, Coccidiodes
immitis
Historical Accounts of LAIs
• Fort Detrick (1944-1969)- he provided the foundation for
evaluating the risks of handling infectious microorganism
and for recognizing biological hazards and developing
practices, equipment, and facility safeguards for their
control
• 1974, the CDC published Classification of Etiologic Agents
on the Basis of Hazards. NIH, published National Cancer
Institute Safety Standards for Research Involving
Oncogenic Viruses
• 1976- NIH, published the NIH Guidelines for Research
Involving Recombinant DNA Molecules (NIH Guidelines)
Classification of Infective Microorganism by Risk Group
• Risk Group 1 (no or low individual and community risk)
A microorganism that is unlikely to cause human or
animal disease

• Risk Group 2 (moderate individual risk, low community

risk)
A pathogen that can cause human or animal disease but
is unlikely to be a serious hazard to laboratory workers,
the community, livestock or the environment
• Risk Group 3 (high individual risk, low community
risk)
A pathogen that usually causes serious human or
animal disease but does not ordinarily spread from
one infected individual to another
• Risk Group 4 ( high individual and community risk)
A pathogen that usually causes serious human or
animal disease and that can be readily transmitted
from individual to another, directly and indirectly
Risk Group Biosafety Laboratory Laboratory Safety
Level Type Practices Equipment
1 Basic –Biosafety Basic Teaching, GMT None; open bench
Level 1 research work
2 Basic- Primary Health GMT plus Open bench plus
Biosafety Level 2 services; diagnostic protective clothing, BSC for potential
services, research biohazard sign aerosols
3 Containment- Special diagnostic As Level 2 plus BSC and other
Biosafety Level 3 services, research special clothing, primary devices for
controlled access, all activities
directional airflow
4 Maximum Dangerous As level 3 plus Class III BSC or
containment- pathogen units airlock entry, positive pressure
Biosafety Level 4 shower exit, special suits in conjuction
waste disposal with Class II BSCs
double ended
autoclave
Points to Consider in LAI
• Causative incident for most LAIs is unknown

• Most manipulations of liquid suspensions of MO

produce aerosols and droplets.

• Release of MO into the air as aerosols and droplets is

the most important operational risk factor that
supports the need for containment equipment and
facility safeguard.
Biological Risk Assessment
• Risk assessment is a process used to identify
the hazardous characteristics of a known
infectious or potentially infectious agent or
material, the activities that can result in a
person’s exposure to an agent, the likelihood
that such exposure will cause a LAI, and the
probable consequences of such an infection.
Hazardous Characteristics of An Agent
• Routes of transmission of laboratory infection

• Infective Dose

• Stability of Environment

• Host Range

• Endemic Nature
Routes of Transmission
1. Direct skin, eye or mucosal membrane exposure to
an agent
2. Parenteral inoculation by a syringe needle or other
contaminated sharps or bites from infected animals
and arthropod vectors
3. Ingestion of liquid suspension of an infectious agent
or by contaminated hand to mouth exposures
4. Inhalation of infectious aerosols
Genetically Modified Agents
• NIH Guidelines are the key reference in assessing risk
and establishing an appropriate biosafety level for
work involving recombinant DNA molecules

• Introduction of recombinant DNA into risk Group 2,

3, 4
Cell cultures
Hazardous characteristics of Laboratory Procedures
Parameters that characterize aerosol hazards
• Agent inhalation of infective dose

• Viability in an aerosol

• Aerosol concentration

• Particle size
Approach to Assess Risks and Select Appropriate Safeguards

1. Identify agent hazards and perform initial

assessment of risk
2. Identify laboratory procedure hazards
3. Make a determination of the appropriate biosafety
level and select additional precautions indicated by
the risk assessment
4. Evaluate the proficiencies of staff regarding safe
practices and the integrity of safety equipment
5. Review the risk assessment with biosafety
professional, subject matter expert and the IBC
Principles of Biosafety
• Containment- is used in describing safe methods,
facilities and equipment for managing infectious
materials in the laboratory environment where they
are being handled or maintained.

• Use of vaccines + risk assessment

• STRICT ADHERENCE TO STANDARD
MICROBIOLOGICAL PRACTICES AND TECHNIQUES
Safety Equipment (Primary Barriers and PPE)
Facility Design and Construction
• Separation of the laboratory work area from public
access

• Availability of a decontamination facility

• Handwashing Facility
Biosafety Levels
• Biosafety Level 1 practices, safety equipment and
facility design and construction are appropriate for
undergraduate and secondary educational training
and teaching laboratories in which work is done with
defined and characterized strains of viable MO not
known to consistently cause disease in healthy
adult.
• B.subtilis, Nigeria gruberi, infectious canine hepatitis
virus and exempt organism
Biosafety Level 2
• BSL2 practices, equipment, and facility design and
construction are applicable to clinical , diagnostic,
teaching and other laboratories in which work is
done with broad spectrum of indigenous moderate-
risk agents that are present in the community and
associated with human disease of varying severity
• HBV, HIV, the Salmonella and Toxoplasma
Biosafety Level 3
• BSL2 practices, equipment, and facility design and
construction are applicable to clinical , diagnostic,
teaching, research or production facilities in which
work is done with indigenous or exotic agents with a
potential for respiratory transmission and which may
cause serious and potentially lethal infection
• M.tuberculosis, St.Louis encephalitis and coxiella
burnetti
Biosafety Level 4
• BSL4 practices, safety equipment, and facility design
and construction are applicable for work with
dangerous and exotic agents that pose a high
individual risk of life-threatening disease
• Marburg virus, Congo-crimean hemorrhagic fever
• Animal Facilities

• Clinical Laboratories