PATOFISIOLOGI

TUMOR
By: Agus Santosa

Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto

 What Is Neoplasma?

• Tumor (neoplasma) An abnormal mass of tissue that results

when cells divide more than

National Cancer Institute, 2018)

 Neoplasma adalah kumpulan sel abnormal yang terbentuk

oleh sel-sel yang tumbuh terus-menerus secara tidak terbatas,
tidak terkoordinasi.

Tjarta (1991)

 Pertumbuhan tumor dapat digolongkan sebagai ganas

(malignant) atau jinak (benign).
Brooker (2001)
Ciri ciri perbedaan tumor ganas dan jinak
 What Causes?
Some viruses or bacteria

Some chemicals Radiation

Heredity
Diet
Hormones
 Tobacco Use and Cancer
Some Cancer-Causing Chemicals in Tobacco Smoke
 High-Strength Radiation

High

Leukemia
Incidence

Low
Least Most
X-ray Dose
(atomic radiation)
Agent Occupation Cancer Site
Ionizing radiations certain underground bronchus Table 1:
radon miners Carcinogenic agents
and occupational
X-rays, radium radiologists, radiographers skin
cancer
Radium luminous dial painters bone
Ultraviolet radiation farmers, sailors, etc. skin
Polycyclic chimney sweepers,oil scrotum, skin,
hydrocarbons in soot workers bronchus
2-Naphthylamine; 1- rubber workers bladder
naph-thylamine
Benzidine; 4- chemical workers bladder
aminobiphenyl
Asbestos shipyard and insulation Mesothelioma lung
workers
Arsenic sheep dip manufacturers, skin and bronchus
gold miners
Benzene workers with glues, marrow (leukemia
varnishes, etc.
Vinyl chloride PVC manufacturers liver (angio-
sarcoma)
Aflatoxin B1 Food storage. Due to Liver
growth of Aspergillus
flavus (fungi)
Benzo(a)pyrene Smokers Lung
 Viruses

Virus inserts
and changes
genes for
cell growth
Cancer-linked virus
Several studies have
observed a correlation
between plasma
17𝛽estradiol
(17𝛽E2)/estradiol/esterog
en levels and prostate
volume or other features
of BPH
Patogenesis
 Molecular basis of neoplasia
• Terdapat tiga gen target carcinogenic transformation:
1) proto-oncogenes: gen yang berperan dalam pertumbuhan sel
2) tumor suppressor: gen penghambat pertumbuhan sel
3) Gen yang berperan dalam apoptosis
• ONCOGENES
Proto-onkogen adalah gen normal yang mengatur
pertumbuhan sel, pembelahan, dan diferensiasi.
Onkogen adalah gen penyebab kanker yang berasal dari proto-
onkogen yang bermutasi, transduksi retroviral, gene
amplification, atau dislocations.
• Metode Aktivasi Onkogen: 1) Mutasi; 2) Chromosomal rearrangements
atau perubahan cromosom; 3) Amplifikasi Gen atau duplikasi DNA
• Tumor Suppressor Genes
adalah gen normal yang "mengerem"
pembelahan sel, seperti p53 berperan dalam
memicu apoptosis. Gen supresor tumor lainnya
termasuk NF-1, NF-2, VHL, dan WT-1
from a healthy cell to a cancer cell
TERIMA KASIH