Mlab Report:

Orifice Meter
Definition:

•An Orifice Meter is basically a type of flow meter

used to measure the rate of flow of liquid or gas,
using the Differential Pressure Measurement
Principle.
•It consists of an Orifice Plate which is the basic
element of the instrument. When the Orifice Plate is
placed in a line, a differential pressure is developed
across the Orifice Plate.
Orifice Assembly:
Operation of Orifice Meter:
•The fluid flows inside the inlet section of Orifice meter
having a pressure P1.
•As the fluid proceeds further into the converging section, its
pressure reduces gradually and it finally reaches a value of
P2 at the end of the converging section and enter the
cylindrical section.
•The differential pressure sensor connected between the inlet and
the cylindrical section of the Orifice Meter displays the difference in
pressure. This difference in pressure is in direct proportion to the
flow rate of the fluid flowing through the Orifice Plate.
•Further the fluid passes through the diverging recovery cone section
and the velocity reduces thereby it regains its pressure.
Installation of Orifice Meter:
•The Orifice Meter must be installed in proper orientation
relative to the pipe and the fluid measured.
•Pipe fittings and valves upstream from the primary element
generate swirls and crosscurrents, which if uncorrected by a
straightening vane may considerably upset the flow
measurement.
•Also, if the only source of disturbance is a single bend, ell,
tee, or reducer preceding the orifice plate run, straightening
vanes effect no improvement.
General Installation
Requirements of Orifice Meter:
•The Orifice Meter must be installed between two mating
flanges in the pipe.
•The internal surface of the measuring pipe must be clean
and free scale, pitting and deposits or any other possible
source turbulence.
Orifice Plate
What does Orifice Plate mean?

-An Orifice plate is a device used for measuring the gas or liquid flow
rate, reducing the pressure of flowing fluid or gas, and restricting the
flow rate. The device is mainly used when the transfer of
hydrocarbons from one entity to other entity has to take place.
Sometimes an Orifice plate is also known as a restriction plate as it
restricts the flow rate of liquid or gas.
-Orifice Plate are placed at the joints in the pipes. These are
metallic plates which have a hole between them. The
working of Orifice Plate is based on the ‘’ Bernoulli’s
Principle’’ which provides direct relationship between fluid
(liquid or gas) pressure and its velocity.
Different types of Orifice
Plate:
Concentric Orifice Plate
•A concentric sharp edged orifice plate is the simplest and
least expensive of the head meters. It is usually made of
stainless steel. The accuracy of these type orifice is very
high.
Concentric Orifice Plate:
Eccentric orifice plate
•It is similar to the concentric orifice plate except for the
offset hole which is bored tangential to a circle. Location of
the bore prevents accumulation of solid materials or foreign
particles and makes it useful for measuring fluids containing
suspended solid particles. The eccentric orifice is less
accurate and has a high number of uncertainty when to
compare to the concentric orifice plate. It is used when
liquid consists of a large amount of gas dissolved in it.
Eccentric orifice plate:
Segmental Orifice Plate
•This is used for the same type of services as an eccentric
orifice plate. It has a hole which is a segment of a circle. It is
used with fluid containing more solid particles in it.
Segmental Orifice Plate:
Quadrant Edge Orifice Plate
•This type is used for flaws of dense fluid such as crudes,
slurries, and viscous flows. Its edges are rounded to form a
quarter circle. The drain hole is provided or located the
bottom when gases are measured, to allow condensate to
pass in order to prevent its building up at the Orifice plate.
Quadrant Edge Orifice Plate:
Orifice Plate Installation Straight
Run Requirement:
•To be able to have the requirement precision, it is necessary
that our pipe has previous straight run long enough to avoid
disturbances in the fluid that will change in the flow profile
that the Orifice plate receives. It is possible to reduce the
straight run length but it will surely affect the final accuracy
of the Orifice Meter.