COGNITIVE

DEVELOPMENT

Karlo Jose Akiatan

 Cognitive Development

Definition

Cognitive development is the construction of thought processes,

including remembering, problem solving, and decision-making,
from childhood through adolescence to adulthood.

Cognitive development refers to how a person perceives, thinks,

and gains understanding of his or her world through the
interaction of genetic and learned factors.
 History of Cognitive Development

Stanford Binet Intelligence Quotient (IQ) test

First adopted for use in the United States by psychologist Lewis Terman
(1877–1956)

IQ scoring is based on the concept of "mental age," according to which

the scores of a child of average intelligence match his or her age, while a
gifted child's performance is comparable to that of an older child, and a
slow learner's scores are similar to those of a younger child.
 Cognitive Development Theories

• John Piaget’s Theory

John Piaget (1896-1980)

French psychologist who became the leading theorist in 1930’s.

John Piaget believed that children are active thinkers
constantly trying to construct more advanced understanding
of the world.
Basic Components of Piaget’s Cognitive Theory

Basic units of knowledge used to organize past

experience and serve as a basis for understanding
new ones.
Basic Components of Piaget’s Cognitive Theory

The process of taking in new information by

incorporating into an existing schema.
Basic Components of Piaget’s Cognitive Theory

Happens when the schema(knowledge) changes to

accommodate knowledge.
Basic Components of Piaget’s Cognitive Theory

A balance between assimilation and

accommodation
 Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development

Pre-operational Stage
Sensorimotor Stage
2-7
0-2
• Intelligence is demonstrated
• Intelligence is demonstrated
through the use of symbols
through motor activities without
the use of symbols
• Language use matures
• Knowledge of the world is limited
but developing
• Memory an imagination are
developed
• Some symbolic activities are
developed at the end of the stage
• Egocentric
 Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development

Concrete Operational Formal Operational

7-12 12-adulthood

• Intelligence is demonstrated Intelligence is demonstrated through

through logical and systematic the logical use of symbols related to
manipulation of symbols related abstract concepts
to concrete object

• Hypothetic-Deductive reasoning
• Egocentric diminishes
•
 Cognitive Development Theories

Lev Vygotsky’s Theory

Lev Vygotsky (1896-1934)

Psychologist Lev Vygotsky's theory focuses more on nurture over nature,

as it points to sociocultural influences such as the transfer of cultural
traditions and language from parents to children for shaping cognitive
development.
Vygotsky’s Concept of Theory

Optimal range of learning and achievement for a

given child.
Vygotsky’s Concept of Theory

The process by which adults assist and support

children to help them learn new tasks until they can
perform them independently
Major Aspect of Cognitive Development in Early
Childhood

ATTENTION

Selective attention Sustained attention

Major Aspect of Cognitive Development in Early
Childhood

Habituation Memory

Rehearsal Executive Function