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Whole
Numbers {0,1,2,3, …}
Integers Positive and negative natural
numbers and zero {… -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, …}
Rational A real number that can be expressed
Number as a ratio of integers (fraction)
Irrational Any real number that is not rational.
Number 2 ,
Real Numbers All numbers associated with
the number line.
Essential Questions:
• How do you know if a number is a
rational number?
• Irrational Numbers
Rational Numbers
• A rational number is EXAMPLES OF
a real number that RATIONAL NUMBERS
can be written as a 16
ratio of two 1/2
integers. 3.56
• A rational number -8
written in decimal 1.3333…
form is terminating -3/4
or repeating.
Irrational Numbers
• An irrational • Square roots of
number is a
number that
non-perfect
cannot be written “squares”
as a ratio of two
integers. 17
• Irrational numbers
written as • Pi- īī
decimals are non-
terminating and
non-repeating.
Venn Diagram: Naturals, Wholes, Integers, Rational
Real Numbers
Rationals
6.7 0.8
Integers
5 11 5
Wholes 3
9 0 2
Naturals 7
1, 2, 3...
Reminder
• Rational numbers • IRRATIONAL
are all the NUMBERS are
positive, negative, usually decimals
fraction, and that do not
decimal numbers terminate or repeat.
you have heard They go on forever.
of.
• Examples: π
2
3
Properties
x y y x
It also works for
multiplication:
xy yx
Commutative Property
of addition and multiplication
Order doesn’t matter
Ax B= B xA
A+B = B +A
This is a statement of the
Associative Property:
( x y) z x ( y z )
The variables do not change
their order.
The Associative Property
also works for
multiplication:
( xy)z x( yz )
Associative Property of
multiplication and Addition
Associative Property (a · b) · c = a · (b · c)
Example: (6 · 4) · 3 = 6 · (4 · 3)
Associative Property (a + b) + c = a + (b + c)
Example: (6 + 4) + 3 = 6 + (4 + 3)
The distributive property
only
has one form.
Not one for . . .and one for
addition multiplication
. . .because both
operations are
used in one property.
This is an example
of the distributive
property.
4(2x+3) =8x+12
2x +3
4 8x 12
Here is the distributive
property using variables:
x( y z ) xy xz
y +z
x xy xz
x_
0x
The above is the additive
identity property
for addition.
is the identity element
0for addition.
1 x
x(_)
The above is the identity
property
for multiplication.
is the identity element
1for multiplication.
Identity Properties
A x 1 = A or 5 x 1 = 5
Inverse Properties
If you add -A to the number A, the Answer
will be Zero
A + (-A) = 0 or 5 + (-5) = 0
A x1/A = 1 or 5 x 1/5 = 1
Closure properties
• If we add or multiply two real
numbers their sum or product is also
a real number.
• 3,5Є R So 3+5=8 Є R
• Similarly
• 3,5Є R So 3×5=15 Є R
Example 1: Identifying Properties of Addition
and Multiplication
Name the property that is illustrated in each
equation.
A. (–4) 9 = 9 (–4)
(–4) 9 = 9 (–4) The order of the numbers changed.
Commutative Property of Multiplication
B.
The factors are grouped
differently.
Associative Property of Addition
Example 2: Using the Commutative and
Associate Properties
Simplify each expression. Justify each step.
29 + 37 + 1
29 + 37 + 1 = 29 + 1 + 37 Commutative Property
of Addition
Associative Property of
= (29 + 1) + 37
Addition
= 30 + 37 Add.
= 67
Recap of the topic
Name the property that is illustrated in each
equation.
Associative Property of Add.
1. (–3 + 1) + 2 = –3 + (1 + 2)
Commutative Property of Multiplication
2. 6 y 7 = 6 ● 7 ● y