CONTENTS

 COMPOSTION.

 CHEMICAL STAGES OF POLMERIZATION REACTION.

 MANIPULATION TECHNIQUE.

 OTHER SOURCES OF HEAT.

 USES.
 INTRODUCTION
 DENTURE BASE:-
The part of a denture which rests on the soft tissues and to which
artificial teeth are attached
.

 RESIN:-
A broad term used to describe natural or synthetic substances
That forms plastic materials after polymerization.
 ACRYLIC RESINS:-
Derivatives of ethylene that contain vinyl group in their
structural formula.
95% of dentures made today use one of the acrylic resins.
POLYMETHYLMETHACRYLATE RESIN

These are widely used in dentistry to fabricate various

appliances. one of the reasons for its widely popularity is
the ease with which it can be processed. It is a stable,
hard, transparent resin
 COMPOSITION
HEAT CURED ACRYLIC RESIN.
Available as:
-powder and liquid system

The powder may be transparent tooth colored or pink colored

The liquid (monomer) is supplied in tightly sealed amber colored
bottles.
 POWDER:-
 Polymethylmethacrylate---------(Major component).

 Benzoyl peroxide--------- (initiator).

 Zinc or titanium oxide---------(opacifiers).

 Di butyl phathalate---------(plasticizers).

 Compounds of merumeric sulphide,cadmium sulphide--------(Dyes).

 Dyed organic filler and inorganic particles like glass fibers

or beads----------(esthatics).
 LIQUID:-

 Methyl methacrylate--------(Plasticizes the polymer)

 Hydroquinone 0.006%------- ( stabilizer or inhibitor)

 Glycol dimethacrylate 1-2% by volume------- (cross linking

agent).
 POWDER-LIQUID SYSTEM:-

COMMERCIAL Names

Stellon(DPI)

Lucitone (BAYER)

Trevelon ( DENTSPLY)
 CHEMICAL STAGES OF POLYMERIZATION:-

4 STAGES

1. INDUCTION.

2. PROPAGATION

3. CHAIN TRANSFER

4. TERMINATION
MANIPULATION TECHNIQUE:-

COMPRESSION MOULDING TECHNIQUE:-

One of the most commonly used technique in

the fabrication of acrylic resin denture
Usually: (heat activated acrylic resin).
 STEPS
1. PREPARATION OF A WAXED DENTURE PATTERN:-

The denture is first constructed in a wax pattern.

2. PREPARATION OF SPLIT MOULD:-

 The waxed denture is invested in a dental flask

with dental stone or plaster.

 When the stone or plaster sets it is dewaxed

by placing the flask in boiling water for (4 min).
 After dewaxing the two halves of the flask
are separated.

 The molten wax is flushed out with clean

hot water.
3. APPLICATION OF SEPRATING MEDIUM:-

This medium must prevent the direct contact with denture base
resin and the mold surface.

TYPES OF SEPRATING MEDIA:-

 TIN FOIL
 SODIUM SILICATE
 STARCHES
 SODIUM ALGINATE SOLUTION
 SODIUM ALGINATE SOLUTION:

 The most popular separating media :

 water soluble.
 Reacts with (ca) of plaster or stone to form a film of
insoluble calcium alginate.
COMPOSITION:-
 2% sodium alginate in water.
 Glycerin.
 Alcohol.
 Sodium phosphate.
 Preservatives.

APPLICATION:-
 Applied by using a brush.
 For coating only plaster surfaces not the acrylic
teeth acrylic teeth.
 1 or 2 coats may be applied.
POLYMER –MONOMER RATIO:-

 Polymer-monomer proportion =3:1 by volume or 2:1 by weight.

 The measured liquid is poured into a clean and dry mixing jar.

 Powder is slowly added allowing each powder

particle to become wetted by monomer.
The mixture is then stirred and allowed to stand in
a closed container.
 Excess monomer-increase polymerization shrinkage.
 POLYMER – MONOMER INTERACTION:-
 DOUGH FORMING TIME:-
 The time required for the resin mixture to reach a dough like
stage is termed as dough forming time.
 ADA specification no.12 requires that dough like consistency be
attained in less than 40 min. from start of mixing process.
 Clinically, most resin reach dough like stage in less than 10min.

WORKING TIME:-
 The working time is defined as the time of a denture base
material remains in the dough like stage.
 ADA specification no. 12 requires the to remain moldable for
at least 5 minutes.
 The working of a resin can be extended via refrigeration.
4. PACKING:-

 Placement and adaption of denture base resin within the mold

cavity is termed as packing.
 OVER PACKING( placement of too much material)- excessive thickness and
malposition of teeth).

 UNDER PACKING(use of too little material)- leads to denture base voids and
porosity.

 To minimize over and under packing.

 Performed in dough like stage.
 Rolled in ropelike form and bent in horseshoe shape.
 Thin Polyethylene sheet is applied.
 Flask halves closed.
 TRIAL CLOSURE:-

 Any preliminary closure made for the purpose of eliminating excess

material and making sure that the mold cavity is completely filled
 The flask assembly is placed into a flask press, and pressure is
applied.
 Excess material is carefully removed from the flask (flash).
 The flask is transferred to a flask carrier ,which maintains pressure on
the flasks during processing.
 CURIING:-

 After the final closure the flask, are kept at room temperature for
30-60 mints called(Bench curing).
 Purpose of Bench curing.
 Permits equalization of pressure throughout the mold.
 Allows more time for uniform dispersion of monomer throughout the
mass of dough.
 If resin teeth are used it provides a longer exposure of resin teeth to
the monomer producing a better bond of the teeth with the base
material.
CURING CYCLE:-

One technique:-
Constant-temperature water bath at -740C(165 f) for 8 hours or
longer with no terminal boiling treatment.
Second technique:-
Consists of processing at- 74c water bath for 8 hours and then
increasing the temperature to 100c for 1 hour
Third technique:-
Involves processing the resin at -74c for approx. 2 hours then boiling at
100c for 1h more.
 OTHER SOURCES OF HEAT:-

 Steam.
 Dry air oven.
 Dry heat electrical.
 Infrared heating.
 Induction or dielectric heating.
 microwave radiation.
POLYMERIZATION VIA MICROWAVE ENERGY:-

ADVANTAGE:-

1. It is cleaner and faster than the conventional hot water.

2. The fit of the denture is comparable or superior.
3. Less fracture of artificial teeth and resin bases.
COOLING:-
 Bath cooling.
 Bench cooling.
 Fast cooling can result in warpage .
 Popular method bench cooling for 30 minutes and then place it in
tap water.

DEFLASKING:-
The cured acrylic denture is retrieved from the flask .this is called
deflasking.
FINISHING AND POLISHING:-

 The denture is smoothened using progressive grades

of sand paper. Finely ground pumice in water is
commonly used for final polishing.
USES:-
 For making removable partial dentures.

 For making removable complete dentures.

 For making transitional denture.

 For making temporary crowns.

 For construction of special trays.

 For relining and rebasing.

 For making removable orthodontic appliances.