ECOLOGY OF LIFE

GROUP 1
Bayrante, Angelo
Cañeso, Francia F.
Foliente, Erish Paul
Ponciano, Jovelt
Sahurda, Christine B.
ECOLOGY
 Is the study of the relationship between living
organism, including humans and their physical
environment. It seeks to understand the vital
connections between plants and animals and
the world around them.
 The study of the distribution and abundance
of organisms , the interaction between
organisms and their environment, structure
and function of ecosystem.
Example of ecology
Human ecology -> is a giant field that analysis
human evolution and the interaction with
nature.
Human -> create an enormous impact
on the globe and same constructions can be
seen from space.
Niche construction in termites -> process by
which organisms after that environment.
 Types of ecology
Molecular ecology -> focuses on the production of protein.
Organismal ecology -> deals with individual organisms and
their interaction with other organisms and environment.
Population ecology -> due to the wide sanity of life on
earth, different species have developed many different
strategies for dealing with their conscripts or organisms of
the same species.
Community ecology -> different population that live in the
same environment create communities of organisms.
Coevolution – where to or more species both evolve in
response to each other.
Ecosystem ecology -> longest scale of organismal
organization.
Ecosystem -> is network of interconnected biological
communities, as well as non living, physical components
of environment with witch the organisms interact, such as
air, soil, water and sunlight.
A fundamental classification of biomes (
similar climatic conditions ) is:
 Terrestrial ( land ) biomes
 Freshwater biomes
 Marine biomes
 Different Ecosystems
 Tundra is a biome where the growth is hindered by low
temperature and short growing seasons.
 Taiga also known as the boreal forest, is a biome
characterized by coniferous forests.
 Desert is a landscape or region that receives an extremely
low amount of precipitation, less than enough to support
growth of most plants. Deserts are defined as areas with an
average annual precipitation, less than enough 250 ml (10 in
) per year, or areas where more water is lost by
evapotranspiration than falls as precipitation
 Rainforests are forest characterized by high rainfall, with
definitions setting minimum normal annual rainfall between
1750-2000 mm (68-78 inches).
 Coral reefs are underwater structures made from calcium
carbonate secreted by corals.
 Savanna, or savannah, is a grassland ecosystem characterized
by the trees being sufficiently small or widely spaced so that
canopy does not close.
 Forest ( also called a wood, wooland, wold, weald,wellard or
hot) is an area with a high density of trees.
 Aquatic ecosystem is an ecosystem located in a body of
water.
 Marine ecosystem are among the largest of Earth’s
aquatic ecosystem
 Urban ecosystems are the cities, towns, and urban
strips constructed by humans.
 Human ecosystems are complex cybernetic system
that are increasingly being used by ecological
anthropologists and other scholars to examine the
ecological aspects of human communities in away that
integrates multiple factors as economics, socio-
political organization, psychological factors, and
physical factors related to the environment.
 Population is a group of organisms of the same
species that live in the same area at the same time.
 The term “Habitat” refers to the kind of place where
an organism normally lives.
 A niche is the “occupation” of an organism.
 The flow of sunlight energy is therefore passed from
producers to primary consumers to secondary
consumers; this sequence is known as a food chain.
 As energy is passed along the food chain, much is used
up at each level as it works to run each organism
 Kinds of Relationship

 Parasitism – it is a kind of relationship where one organism benefits while the

other is badly affected.
 Commensalism – a kind of relationship where one organism is benefited while
the other is unaffected.
 Predation – a kind of relationship where small organisms are hunted and eaten
by bigger organisms.
 Competition – where the two organisms fight in order to survive or “survival of
the fittest”
 Mutualism – “ the give and take relationship” where the two organisms benefit
each other.
 Saprophytism – a kind of relationship wherein living things depend on dead
materials for food and existence.
 Importance of ecology is it helps us to
understand how the world works.
Provides useful evidence on the
interdependence between people and the
natural world.