Ns. Ahmad Rifai., M.S.

Basic Science in Nursing Dept.

School of Nursing
University of Jember
2016

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 Objectives
• Introduction
• Henderson’s nursing theory
• Basic assumptions
• Major concepts
• Major components
• Strengths, weaknesses, application

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 The systematic accumulation of knowledge is
essential to progress in any profession . . .
however theory and practice must be constantly
interactive.
“Theory without practice is empty and practice
without theory is blind.”

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 Introduction > Who is Henderson?
• Born in Kansas City, Missouri, in 1897.
• Entered the Army School of Nursing at Walter Reed Army
Hospital.
• It was there that she began to question the regimentalization
of patient care and the concept of nursing as ancillary to
medicine (Henderson, 1991).
• Wartime : influenced her ethical understanding of nursing and
her appreciation of the importance and complexity of the
nurse–patient relationship.

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 Her thoughts?

• Memandang pasien sebagai individu yang membutuhkan

bantuan untuk menjadi mandiri dan terpenuhinya kebutuhan
fisik dan psikologis
• Teorinya berfokus pada pentingnya meningkatkan
kemandirian pasien untuk mendapatkan kemajuan selama di
rumah sakit.
• Teori Henderson menekankan pada kebutuhan dasar manusia
dan bagaimana perawat bisa membantu memenuhinya

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 Work Based
Thorndike
(Psychologist)

Henry House
Nursing Henderson’s Visiting
Rehabilitation Theory Nurse
Agency

Orlando’s
conceptualization
of deliberate
nursing action

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 Assumption

1. Perawat merawat pasien sampai pasien bisa merawat

diri mereka sendiri
2. Pasien memiliki keinginan yang kuat untuk kembali
sehat
3. Perawat mau memberikan pelayanan dan
mendedikasikan diri mereka pada pasien siang dan
malam.
4. Henderson percaya bahwa psikologis dan fisik tidak
terpisahkan dan saling berhubungan

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Major Concepts

Individual

Environment

Health

Nursing
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 Nature of Nursing

• a nurse’s role is “to get inside the patient’s skin and

supplement his strength, will or knowledge
according to his needs”
• The nurse has the responsibility to assess the needs
of the patient, help him or her meet health needs,
and provide an environment in which the patient can
perform activity unaided.
• The nurse should be an independent practitioner
able to make independent judgment
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 Major Components

The 14 components of the Need Theory show a

holistic approach to nursing that covers the
physiological, psychological, spiritual and social
needs.

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Distribution

Physiological Components •1 - 9
Psychological Aspects of
Communicating and Learning • 10 & 14
Spiritual and Moral • 11
Sociologically Oriented to
Occupation and Recreation • 12 - 13
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 Nurse-patient relationship
• the nurse acts as:
1. a substitute for the patient
2. a helper to the patient, and
3. a partner with the patient.
Through the interpersonal process, the nurse
must get “inside the skin” of each of her
patients in order to know what help is needed

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 Strengths

• Henderson’s concept of nursing is widely

accepted in nursing practice today.
• Her theory and 14 components are relatively
simple, logical, and can be applied to
individuals of all ages.

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 Weaknesses

• There is an absence of a conceptual diagram that

interconnects the 14 concepts and sub-concepts of
Henderson’s theory.
• On assisting the individual in the dying process, there
is a little explanation of what the nurse does to
provide “peaceful death.”

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 Application

• Henderson’s Needs Theory can be applied to nursing practice

as a way for nurses to set goals based on Henderson’s 14
components.
• Meeting the goal of achieving the 14 needs of the client can be
a great basis to further improve one’s performance towards
nursing care.
• In nursing research, each of her 14 fundamental concepts can
serve as a basis for research although the statements were not
written in testable terms.

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Henderson’s Nurse definition

“The unique function of the nurse is to assist the

individual, sick or well, in the performance of those
activities contributing to health or its recovery (or to
peaceful death) that he would perform unaided if he
had the necessary strength, will, or knowledge; and to
do this in such a way as to help him gain independence
as rapidly as possible”
(Henderson, 1964, p. 63).

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 Application :
Find out the reason!

• Clarity: How clear is this theory?

• Simplicity: How simple is this theory?
• Generality: How general is this theory?
• Accessibility: How accessible is this theory?
• Importance: How important is this theory?

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 References

1. Alligood, M.A., 2014. Nursing Theorist and Their Work. Eight

Edition. Elsevier. St. Louis, Missouri
2. Marilyn E. Parker, Marlaine C. Smith. 2010. Nursing theories
and nursing practice. 3rd ed. F. A. Davis Company.
Philadelphia.
3. http://nurseslabs.com/virginia-hendersons-need-theory/

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 Ns. Ahmad Rifai, S.Kep., M.S.
1. Tlp: +62 85236056900 (WA)
2. Email: ahmadrifai@unej.ac.id
3. IG : @rifai4511

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