OBESITY

OBESITY
People are generally
considered obese
when their body
mass index (BMI), a
measurement
Obesity is a 
obtained by dividing medical condition in which
a person's weight by
the square of the
excess body fat has
person's height, is accumulated to the extent
over 30 kg/m2, with
the range 25– that it may have a
30 kg/m2 defined negative effect on health.
as overweight.
 CLASSIFICATION
It is defined by body mass index (BMI) and further evaluated in terms of fat
distribution via the waist–hip ratio and total cardiovascular risk factors. BMI is
closely related to both percentage body fat and total body fat.

BMI is defined as the subject's weight divided by

the square of their height and is calculated as
follows.
 BMI (kg/m2) Classification[18]
from up to
18.5 underweight
18.5 25.0 normal weight
25.0 30.0 overweight
30.0 35.0 class I obesity
35.0 40.0 class II obesity
40.0 class III obesity  
 EFFECTS ON HEALTH
Excessive body weight is associated with various diseases and conditions, particularly cardiovascular
diseases, diabetes mellitus type 2, obstructive sleep apnea, certain types
of cancer, osteoarthritis, and asthma. As a result, obesity has been found to reduce life expectancy.

MORTALITY
Obesity is one of the leading preventable causes of death worldwide.
 MORBIDITY
Obesity increases the risk of many physical and mental conditions. These comorbidities are most
commonly shown in metabolic síndrome, a combination of medical disorders which includes: diabetes
mellitus type 2, high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, and high triglyceride levels.

Complications are either directly caused by obesity or indirectly related through mechanisms sharing a
common cause such as a poor diet or a sedentary lifestyle. The strength of the link between obesity and
specific conditions varies. One of the strongest is the link with type 2 diabetes. Excess body fat underlies
64% of cases of diabetes in men and 77% of cases in women.
 CAUSES

Eating a poor diet of foods high in fats and calories

Having a sedentary (inactive) lifestyle
Not sleeping enough, which can lead to hormonal changes that make you
feel hungrier and crave certain high-calorie foods
Genetics, which can affect how your body processes food into energy and
how fat is stored
Growing older, which can lead to less muscle mass and a slower metabolic
rate, making it easier to gain weight
Pregnancy (weight gained during pregnancy can be difficult to lose and
may eventually lead to obesity)
HOW IS OBESITY TREATED?
If you’re obese and haven’t been able to lose weight on your own, medical
help is available. Start with your family physician who may be able to refer
you to a weight specialist in your area.
Your doctor may also want to work with you as part of a team helping you
lose weight. That team might include a dietitian, therapist, and/or other
healthcare staff.
Your doctor will work with you on making lifestyle changes. Sometimes, they
may recommend medications or weight loss surgery as well.
SUMMARY
OBESITY
SPECIALTY Endocrinology
SYMPTOMS Increased fat
COMPLICATIONS Cardiovascular diseases,  type 2
diabetes, obstructive sleep apnea,
certain types
of cancer, osteoarthritis, depression
CAUSES Excessive food, lack of exercise,
genetics
DIAGNOSTIC METHOD BMI > 30 kg/m
PREVENTION Societal changes, personal choices
TREATMENT Diet, exercise, medications, surgery
PROGNOSIS Reduce life expectancy
FREQUENCY 700 million / 12% (2015)