SUMMER INDUSTRIAL TRAINING

On
STUDY OF IC ENGIN AND
CASE STUDY ON AIRBAG
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGYE
IN

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Submitted by
AJEET SINGH
)

DEPARTMENT OF
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
IMS ENGINEERING COLLEGE
GHAZIABAD
1
 Introduction
IC Engine is short form for internal
combustion engine. The beginning of
modern era was started with the
invention of a basic internal combustion
engine. Today these engines found a
large part of our modern vehicles.

The most popular among IC engines are

the engines with four stroke. It has the
following four strokes

1)Intake

2)Compression

3)Combustion
2
4) Exhaust

After exhaust the cycle of intake, compress,

combustion and exhaust repeats itself and
produce power.

Fig: Four strokes of an IC

engine

3
BIKE ENGINE

4
1. Methods of starting an Engine

a. Kick start-

Kick start shaft has a gear attached to it.

This gear comes in contact with the
output gear shaft when kick handle is
kicked. Due to the torque imparted to the
kick start shaft, rotation is transferred to
output gear shaft. The output gear shaft
is in direct contact with the input gear
shaft.

5
 b. Self-starter-
The process of starting the engine using self-
starter is quite simple and easy. The power
transmission takes place through the self-
starter which is a small motor powered using
the battery in the vehicle. The motor is
connected to an intermediate gear using a gear
called scissor gear. The intermediate gear is in
contact with a gear on the crankshaft.
c. Pushing the bike-
The output gear shaft is connected to the rear
wheel using chain and sprocket mechanism.
When the bike is pushed forward the back
wheel rotates which further rotates the sprocket
attached to the output gear shaft. Due to this
output gear shaft rotates and transfers power to
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input gear shaft.

2. Transmission system in bikes

The transmission system in bikes

contains two shafts. One is known as
input gear shaft and the other is known
as output gear shaft. The shaft which is
contact with the crankshaft is known as
input gear shaft and the one which is
connected to back wheel using chain and
sprocket mechanism is known as output
gear shaft. Each shaft has gears mounted
on them.

7
Fig. Input and output gear
shafts

8
3. Gear shifting mechanism
To shift gears, you want to turn the drum
only small amount and then hold it there.
The shift pawl only turns the drum a set
amount, each time the pawl is moved.
Each time the gear shift lever is pressed
down the pawl turns the drum the same
amount. If the shift lever is pulled up, the
pawl reverses and moves the drum in the
opposite direction, the same amount.

Fig. Gear shifting mechanism

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4. Kick start mechanism
The Kick Starter has a gear on its shaft.
When you turn the Kick Starter the gear is
thrown into mesh with an idler gear which in
turn is in mesh with the main shaft of the
transmission. The main shaft is connected to
the clutch and the clutch is connected to the
engine crankshaft.

Fig. Ratchet guide

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Fig. Ratchet tab

Fig. Kick start mechanism

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4. Clutch
Clutches are round baskets filled with
alternating fiber and steel plates held together,
tightly, with springs. One set of plates,
usually the steel ones, is connected to the
transmission. The other set, usually the fiber
plates, is connected to the engine. The clutch
lever compresses the springs so the plates are
not pressed tightly together. This allows the
clutch to disengaged.

Fig. Clutch
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 5. Opening and closing of valves
The opening and closing of valves are managed by
a system comprising of cam, rocker arm and
timing chain. The cam is connected to crankshaft
through a chain known as timing chain. This
ensures the proper timing for opening and closing
of intake and exhaust valve. Two rocker arms are
moved due to lobe on the rotating cam.

Fig. Cam with rocker arm and timing chain

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 DTSi Technology

In This technology using two spark plugs which

spark alternatively at a certain time interval so
as increase the diameter of the flame & burn the
fuel instantaneously. This system is called
DTSi (Digital Twin Spark Ignition system). In
this system, due to twin sparks, combustion
will be complete.
This combustion process of twin spark plugs
is being patented by Bajaj Auto Ltd.

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Fig. DTSi Technology

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What are Airbags?
Supplementary Restraint System for driver
and/or passenger safety in case of a crash.
Basic Mechanism: A thin nylon bag in the
steering wheel / above glove compartment
inflates in the event of an impact and
prevents the driver/passenger from hitting
the steering wheel/dashboard.
3 Main Components: 1) Airbag module
2) Diagnostic Unit
3) Crash sensors
Airbag Module
Contains both inflator unit and light-weight
fabric airbag and is located either inside:
1) Steering wheel hub
2) Above glove compartment
3) Near side compartment (as
separate/combined
head/side/window-curtain airbag)
Diagnostic Unit
Enables inflator unit and sensors when
vehicle is turned on, performs self check.
Usually stores electricity to activate airbag in
the event that a crash damages the battery /
link to battery

Sensors

• Several crash sensors located in the front

of vehicle and in the passenger
compartment
• Each senses the sudden deceleration or
impact in the event of a crash and flips a
mechanical switch to indicate a crash.
Airbag Deployment
Frontal crash scenario: Car crashes into an
obstacle (wall) at 20+ m
An electric current is used to heat a filament
wire that ignites the NaN3 capsules,
producing N2:

2NaN3  2Na + 3N2

10Na + 2KNO3 K2O + 5Na2O+ N2
K2O + Na2O SiO2 alkaline glass (safe,
unignitable)

130 g of NaN3 produces 67 ltrs of Na

Thank you