TM-2122

MEKANIKA KEKUATAN
MATERIAL
DISTRIBUSI TEGANGAN
Kode Mata Kuliah : TM – 2122
Nama Mata Kuliah : Mekanika kekuatan Material
Jumlah SKS : 2 SKS

Referensi :
1. Timoshenko, 1965, Strength of Material
2. Belyaev, 1979, Strength of Material, MIR Publisher
3. Popov, 1976, Mechanics of Material, Prentice Hall
4. Sebayang D, 1991, Kekuatan Bahan Terapan (terjemahan)
5. James M. Gere, 2004, Mechanics of Materials, Brooks/Cole

Aturan-aturan perkuliahan :
1. Minimal kehadiran untuk bisa mengikuti UTS dan UAS : 60%
2. Kontribusi penilaian :
a) Kehadiran 10%
b) Tugas 20%
c) UTS 30%
d) UAS 40%
e) Quiz bonus
SHEAR STRESS AND STRAIN
TYPE OF STRESSES

tegangan Tarik diberi tanda positif dan tegangan kompresi diberi tanda negatif
Stresses: Sign Convention

The sign of a stress

component depends on
the direction of normal
and the direction of force:
If both have same sign
then the stress
z component is positive, if
the two have different
signs, then the stress
component is negative.
x y
Stress: Sign Convention...

σyy is negative
τyx is positive
τyz is negative

x y
Stress: Sign Convention...

σxx is positive
τxy is negative
z τxz is negative

x y
 Equivalence of shear on adjacent
planes
Face Area Force
(direction of (assume x- y-
outward unit depth) compone compone
normal) nt nt
x δy•1 σxx• δy τxy• δy
−x δy•1 −σxx• δy −τxy•δy
y δx•1 σyy• δx τyx• δx
−y δx•1 −σyy• δx −τyx•δx

Consider the moment balance about the mid-point:

𝜏𝑥𝑦 ∙ 𝛿𝑦 ∙ 𝛿𝑥 − 𝜏𝑦𝑥 ∙ 𝛿𝑥 ∙ 𝛿𝑦 = 0,

or, 𝜏𝑥𝑦 = 𝜏𝑦𝑥

STRESS – STRAIN RELATIONSHIP

A

E
• Hooke’s Law:- O 
Up to elastic limit, Stress is proportional to strain
 =E ; where E=Young’s modulus/Modulus elasticity
• Poisson’s Ratio:
 Contoh Soal Tegangan Normal
Sebuah batang prismatik dengan penampang berbentuk empat
persegi panjang (20 x 40 mm) dan panjang 2,8 m dikenakan suatu
gaya tarik aksial 70 kN. Hitunglah tegangan normal pada batang!

70 kN 70 kN
40 mm

2,8 m
20 mm
Dik: L = 2,8 m
P = 70 kN
∆ = 1,2 mm
Dit: σ
Jawab:

𝑷 𝟕𝟎
σ=𝑨= = 𝟖𝟕, 𝟓 𝑴𝑷𝒂
𝟐𝟎 (𝟒𝟎)
 Contoh Soal Tegangan Normal
Dik: L = 2,8 M
P = 70 kN
Dit: σ
Jawab :

𝑷 𝟕𝟎
σ= = = 𝟖𝟕, 𝟓 𝑴𝑷𝒂
𝑨 𝟐𝟎 (𝟒𝟎)
 Contoh
Contoh soal 1
Soal Tegangan Geser
Dik: sambungan kelingan dengan P=3140 kg dan d=20 mm
Dit: Tegangan geser yang timbul pada keling ?
Jawab :

𝑷 𝟑𝟏𝟒𝟎 𝟑𝟏𝟒𝟎
= 𝟏 = = 10 kg/mm2
𝑭 𝝅(𝟐𝟎) 𝟐 𝟑𝟏𝟒
𝟒
Contoh Soal 2

Dik: q = 200 kg/m; L = 8 m;

b = 20 cm; h = 30 cm
Dit: tegangan geser maksimum yang timbul ?

Jawab:
Q = q x L = 200 x 8 = 1600 kg

Karena simetris ↔ RA = RB = ½ Q = ½ (1600) = 800 kg

Gaya lintang ↔ x = 0 → Dx = RA = 800 Kg
x = 8 → Dx = RA – qx = 800 – 1600 = - 800 kg
CONTOH 3
PENYELESAIAN
PENYELESAIAN
CONTOH 4
PENYELESAIAN
CONTOH 5
PENYELESAIAN
PENYELESAIAN
PENYELESAIAN
PENYELESAIAN
Hollow Shaft
By geometry: γθz= rdΦ/dz

Therefore, τθz = GrdΦ/dz

r varies from R1 to R2, and

θ varies from 0 to 2π
An Example
T 100 Nm 𝑇 100 Nm
𝑞= = = 49 kN/m
2𝐴 2 × 1.02×10−3 m2
R 20 mm
R 16 mm
This gives τ = (49 N/m)/0.004 m = 12.25 MPa

𝑟𝑇 𝑟 × 100 𝑁𝑚
𝜏 𝑟 = =
𝐼𝑧𝑧 𝜋 0.020 m 4 − 0.016 m 4
2

= 13.4 MPa at R =20 mm, and

10.8 MPa at R =16 mm
STRESSES ON INCLINED SECTIONS
When the bar is cut at an intermediate cross section by a plane mn (perpendicular to the x axis),
we obtain the free-body diagram shown in Fig. 2-30b. The normal stresses acting over the cut
section may be calculated from the formula x  P/A provided that the stress distribution is
uniform over the entire cross-sectional area A.

For convenience, we usually show the stresses in a two-dimensional view of the bar (Fig. 2-30c)
rather than the more complex threedimensional view (Fig. 2-30b). However, when working with
two-dimensional figures we must not forget that the bar has a thickness perpendicular to the
plane of the figure. This third dimension must be considered when making derivations and
calculations.
STRESSES ON INCLINED SECTIONS
Because the stresses are the same throughout the entire bar, the stresses acting over the
inclined section must be uniformly distributed, as pictured in the freebody diagrams of Fig. 2-
32b (three-dimensional view) and Fig. 2-32c (two-dimensional view). From the equilibrium of
the free body we know that the resultant of the stresses must be a horizontal force P. (The
resultant is drawn with a dashed line in Figs. 2-32b and 2-32c.)
STRESSES ON INCLINED SECTIONS
As a preliminary matter, we need a scheme
for specifying the orientation of the inclined
section pq. A standard method is to specify
the angle q between the x axis and the
normal n to the section (see Fig. 2-33a).
Thus, the angle q for the inclined section
shown in the figure is approximately 30° . By
contrast, cross section mn (Fig. 2-30a) has an
angle q equal to zero (because the normal to
the section is the x axis).
The force components are :

Associated with the forces N and V are

normal and shear stresses that are uniformly
distributed over the inclined section (Figs. 2-
33c and d). The normal stress is equal to the
normal force N divided by the area of the
section, and the shear stress is equal to the
shear force V divided by the area of the
section.
STRESSES ON INCLINED SECTIONS
STRESSES ON INCLINED SECTIONS
 Stress-Strain Relationship
• A material property.

Tensile Test Machine, UTM

Extensometer
Stress-Strain Curve: Elasticity
Failure Modes
Ductile
σ (= F/Ao)

Brittle

ε (=∆L/Lo)
Necking

Ductile Failure Brittle Failure

cup-and-cone
Plastic Deformation, Yield Strength

Y
Yield stress, σY
σ (= F/A0)

0.02% Permanent set ε (= ΔL/L0)

Strain Hardening

Y1 Ultimate stress
σ (= F/A0) Y

B
ε (= ΔL/L0)
Stress-Strain in Brittle Materials
Idealized Stress-Strain Curves

σ σ σ

ε ε ε
(c) Elastic-Plastic
(a) Rigid (b) Perfectly elastic

σ σ
Increase in yield
strength
ε ε
(d) Perfectly plastic (e) Elastic- Plastic
(strain hardening)