 Information and messages flow down through an

organization's formal chain of command or

hierarchical structure
 Starts at the upper levels of the organizational
hierarchy and move down toward the bottom levels
 Advantages:
 Organizational discipline
 Efficiency
 Effective communication of goals
 Ease of delegation
 Marinating discipline
 Informing organizational plans and procedures
 Explaining complex issues
 Issuing orders and instructions
 Avoiding by-passing of hierarchy
 Maintaining good labor-management relationship
• Disadvantages:
 Distortion
 Slow or lack of feedback
 Interpretative problems
 Time consuming
 Lack of explanation
 Deterioration of relationship
 Under communication and over
communication
 Creation of resentment
 Benefits:
 Better coordination
 Improved individual performance through the
development of intelligent participation
 Improved morale
 Improved consumer relations
 Improved industrial relations
 Methods:
 Directives
 Letters
 Memos
 Employee Handbooks
 Information Racks
 Posters
 Company Periodicals
 Annual Report
• Objectives:
 To give direction
 To explain polices
 To distribute workload
 To motivate the employees
 To inform job rationale
 To appraise performance
 Assignment of goals
 To inspire
 The flow of information from front line employees to
managers, supervisors, and directors
 Process of information flowing from the lower levels of a
hierarchy to the upper levels
 Advantages:
 Feedback
 Mutual trust
 Introduction of new policies
 Development of plans
 Providing suggestions and opinions
 Motivating to employees
 Providing constructive suggestion
 Good labor-management relationship
 Creating favorable environment
 Promote harmony
 Decision making
 Developing creative and innovative ideas
 Facilitating collective decision
 Disadvantages:
 Unwillingness
 Fear of inefficiency
 Indiscipline
 Bypassing
 Flattery
 Delay
 Supervisor’s negligence
o Methods:
 Special Meetings
 Complaint and Suggestions Boxes
 Open Door Policy
 Review and Feedback Session
 Questionnaires and Surveys
 Quality Circles
 Reports
 Periodical Interviews
 Grievance Procedures
 Counseling
 Essentials :
 Participative approach of management
 Confidence on subordinate
 Shortening the communication line
 Reward for good suggestion
 Arranging proper grievance handling
procedures
 Changing autocratic attitudes
 Communication that takes place at same
levels of hierarchy in an organization.
 Essentials :
 Recognition
 Emergency communication
 Direct supervision
 Discipline
 Clear understanding ability
 Interdepartmental communication increase
 Act as Lubricant
 Advantages:
 Informal and sweet relationship
 Co-ordination of activities
 Departmental communication
 End of misunderstanding
 Hindering bureaucracy
 Dynamism at work
 Group activities
 Quick communication and solution of problems
 Linking with different areas of expertise
 Guarding against distortion message
 Coordination
 Overcoming misunderstanding
 Free of distortion
 Quick communication
 Effective departmental communication
 Disadvantages:
 Overloaded by information
 Wastage of time
 Positional problem
 Lack of understanding
 Procedural problem
 Damn-care
 Over specialization
 Lack of motivation
 Rivalry
 Ignoring vertical communication
 Low productivity
 An informal communication that follows no
formalities prescribed by the organization
 The basis of informal communication is
personal or informal relationship between the
members of a group
 Patterns or Types of Grapevine:
 Single Strand Chain
 Gossip Chain
 Probability Chain
 Cluster Chain
 Advantages:
 Interpret
 Present grievance
 Alternate system
 Improved relationship
 Increase efficiency
 Providing recommendation
 Flexibility
 Rapid communication
 Improve interpersonal relationship
 Feedback
 Employee support
 Warning signal
 Understanding reaction
 Quick solution
o Disadvantages:
 Distort meaning
 Spread rumour
 Misunderstanding
 Impossibility of maintaining secrecy
 Difficulty in controlling
 Non-cooperation
 Leakage
 Incomplete Information
 Important Characteristics:
 Huge Impact
 Extensive
 Flexibility
 Speed
 Distortion
 Oral Way
 Large Receivers
 Extra Ability
 Unsaid Information
 Contradictory Information
 Spontaneous
 A common agreement of opinion on a given
problem among a majority of people in a
group or community.
 A group process where the input of everyone
is carefully considered and an outcome is
crafted that best meets the needs of the
group.