CHEMICAL

REACTIONS

Combination
Decomposition
Single Displacement
Double Displacement
Oxidation and Reduction By:
Lakshya Agrawal
Class X
 Chemical Reaction
A chemical reaction is a process that leads to the chemical transformation of one
set of chemical substances to another.

Examples:
Iron and Oxygen combining to make rust.
Combustion (burning) of wood.
Types of Chemical Reactions
Combination
Decomposition
Single Displacement
Double Displacement
Oxidation and Reduction
 COMBINATION
In combination reactions, two or more reactants form one product.

Example C + O2

C + O O  O C O

General: A + B  AB
 Examples of Combination Reaction
 Formation of calcium oxide by the combination elements calcium and oxygen.
2Ca + O2 → 2CaO

 Formation of ammonia by the combination of elements nitrogen and hydrogen.

N2 + 3H2 → 2NH3

 Reaction of calcium oxide in water to form calcium hydroxide.

CaO + H2O → Ca(OH)2

 Formation of sulphur trioxide by the combination of sulphur dioxide and oxygen.

2SO2 + O2 → 2SO3

 Carbon solid reacts with oxygen gas to form carbon dioxide gas.
C + O2 → CO2
DECOMPOSITION
Decomposition reactions are chemical reactions in which a more
complex molecule breaks down to make simpler ones.

Example: NaCl

Cl Na  Cl + Na

General: AB  A + B
 Examples of Decomposition
 Electrolysis of water results the formation of oxygen and hydrogen gas involves the decomposition.

2 H2O → 2 H2 + O2

 Decomposition of solid potassium chloride results the formation of solid potassium with gaseous chlorine molecule.

2 KCl(s) → 2 K(s) + Cl2(g)

 Decomposition of potassium chlorate (KClO3) at high temperature results the formation of solid potassium chloride and
oxygen gas.
2KClO3(s) → 2KCl (s) + 3O2(g)

 Decomposition of CaCO3 results the formation of CaO (calcium oxide) and CO2 (carbon dioxide) at
high temperature.
CaCO3(s) → CaO(s) + CO2(g)

 White silver chloride turns grey in sunlight. This is due to the decomposition of silver chloride into silver
and chlorine by light.

2AgCl(s) + Sunlight → 2Ag(s) + Cl2(g)

 SINGLE DISPLACEMENT
In a single replacement reaction, a single uncombined element replaces another in
a compound, so one element trades places with another element in a compound.

Example: Zn + CuCl2

Cu Zn
Cl Cl + Zn  Cl Cl + Cu

General: AB + C  AC + B
 Examples of Single Displacement
 Electrolysis of water results the formation of oxygen and hydrogen gas involves the
decomposition.
2 H2O → 2 H2 + O2

 Decomposition of solid potassium chloride results the formation of solid potassium with
gaseous chlorine molecule.
2 KCl(s) → 2 K(s) + Cl2(g)

 Decomposition of potassium chlorate (KClO3) at high temperature results the formation

of solid potassium chloride and oxygen gas.
2KClO3(s) → 2KCl (s) + 3O2(g)

 Decomposition of CaCO3 results the formation of CaO (calcium oxide) and CO2 (carbon
dioxide) at high temperature.
CaCO3(s) → CaO(s) + CO2(g)
DOUBLE DISPLACEMENT
A double displacement reaction is a type of reaction where two reactants
exchange ions to form two new compounds. Double displacement
reactions typically result in the formation of a product that is a precipitate.

Example: MgO + CaS

Mg Ca Mg Ca
+  +
O S S O
Example of Double Displacement
 In this reaction, lead nitrate reacts with sodium iodide to form lead iodide and
sodium nitrate. Lead iodide is the precipitate in this case.
Pb(NO3)2 (aq) + 2NaI (aq) ➜ PbI2 (s) + 2NaNO3 (aq)
 The resultant consists of two compounds: barium sulfate and copper chloride.
Barium sulfate is in the solid form, and, thus, called a precipitate.
BaCl2 (aq) + CuSO4 (aq) ➜ BaSO4 (s) + CuCl2 (aq)
 In this reaction, sodium sulfate reacts with barium chloride. The products formed
are barium sulfate and sodium chloride. Barium sulfate is in the solid state.
Na2SO4 (aq) + 2BaCl (aq) ➜ Ba2SO4 (s) + 2Nacl (aq)
 The reaction between silver nitrate and sodium chloride is a double displacement
reaction. The silver trades its nitrite ion for the sodium's chloride ion, causing the
sodium to pick up the nitrate anion.
AgNO3 + NaCl ➜ AgCl + NaNO3
 In this reaction solution of barium chloride reacts with the solution of sodium
sulphate, white precipitate of barium sulphate is formed along with sodium chloride.
BaCl2 + Na2SO4 ➜ BaSO4 + 2NaCl
OXIDATION & REDUCTION
A redox (or oxidation-reduction) reaction is a type of chemical reaction
that involves a transfer of electrons between two species.
Example of Oxidation&Reduction
 In this reaction iron (Fe) is being oxidized to iron(II) ion, while the cadmium ion
(Cd2+) in aqueous solution is being reduced to cadmium solid.
Fe(s) + Cd2+(aq) ➜ Fe2+(aq) + Cd(s)
 The reaction between magnesium metal and oxygen, for example, involves the
oxidation of magnesium.
2Mg (s)+ O2 (g) ➜ 2MgO
 Silver metal is oxidized when it comes in contact with trace quantities of H2S or
SO2 in the atmosphere or foods, such as eggs, that are rich in sulfur compounds.

4 Ag(s) + 2 H2S(g) + O2(g) ➜ 2 Ag2S(s) + 2 H2O(g)

 When heated, iron reacts with oxygen to form a mixture of iron(II) and iron(III)
oxides.
2 Fe(s) + O2(g) ➜ 2 FeO(s)

 When heated, iron reacts with oxygen to form a mixture of iron(II) and iron(III)
oxides.
2 Fe(s) + 3 O2(g) ➜ 2 Fe2O3(s)
Thank You!