Referencing Styles in Research

By:
Kirstein Mae Canoy-Manigos, LPT
HARVARD REFERNCING STYLE
 Harvard is actually a generic term
refers to all the referencing styles
that are “authordate”based; thus this
style does not have any official
manual.

Example for one and two Author:

 (Ghaznavi 2003, p 40)
 (Alvi & Zaidi 2009)
APA REFERNCING STYLE
 American Psychological Association
 A brief in-text reference containing
the name of author and year of
publication is given in round
brackets; thus it is also called as
author-date based referencing style.

 Example: Alvi, M. H., Ghaznavi, K.,

Hashmi, M., Siddiqui, D. & Zaidi, R.
(2009). <title>.
VANCOUVER REFERENCING
STYLE
 It uses the note system of
referencing. Using this style, in-text
citation is done with a numeric digit
and then detailed references are
provided at the end of the document
on a separate page.

 Example: Alvi MH, Ghaznavi K, Zaidi

R, Hashmi M, Siddiqui D. <title>
MLA REFERENCING STYLE
 MLA (Modern Language Association
of America)
 It uses the parenthetical system of
referencing. A brief in-text reference
containing the name of author and
the page number of the source
surrounded by round brackets is
provided.
 Example: Alvi, M. H., and R. Zaidi
2009. <Title>
CHICAGO REFERENCING
STYLE
A reference is first given in the form
of footnotes preceded by a numeric
digit and then it is provided again at
the end of the document in the
form of reference list/ bibliography.

 Example: Alvi, Mohsin

Hasan, Khalid
Ghaznavi, and Raheem Zaidi. <title>
ACS REFERENCING STYLE
 American Chemical Society (ACS)
 Using parenthetical system a brief in-text
reference containing the name of author
and year of publication is given in
round brackets.
 Example: 10. Schmidt, L. D. The
Engineering of Chemical Reactions, 2nd
ed.; Oxford University Press: New York,
2005; pp 71-88.
AMA REFERENCING STYLE
 It uses the note system of referencing.
 in-text citation is done with a numeric
digit and then detailed references are
provided at the end of the document
on a separate page.
Example: Queensland Health. Food
safety fact sheet 51: Food allergies.
Queensland Health website.
http://www.health.qld.gov.au/foodsafety
/Documents/fs-51-allergies.pdf.
Published 2013. Accessed January 12,
2014.
CSE REFERENCING STYLE
 The CSE (Council of Science Editors)
allows the use of parenthetical system
a brief in-text reference containing the
name of author and year of publication
is given in round brackets.
Example: Allen C, Prior P, Hayward AC.
2005. Bacterial wilt: the disease and the
Ralstonia solanacearum species complex.
St. Paul (MN): APS Press 508p.
IEEE REFERENCING STYLE
 IEEE (Institute of Electrical and
Electronics Engineers)
 Using this style, in-text citation is
done with a numeric digit and then
detailed references are provided at
the end of the document on a
separate page.
 Example – Book in Print [1] B. Klaus
and P. Horn, Robot Vision. Cambridge,
MA: MIT Press, 1986.
AGLC REFERENCING STYLE
 AGLC (Australian Guide to Legal
Citation)
 In-text citation is done with a
numeric digit then the reference is
provided in the form of footnote at
the end of each page.
Example: 1. Victoria Park Racing and
Recreation Grounds Co Ltd v
Taylor (1937) 58 CLR 479, 480.
Reference
 https://libguides.murdoch.edu.au/ACS/all
 https://libguides.jcu.edu.au/ama/sample-
reference-list
 https://writing.wisc.edu/handbook/docum
entation/doccse/nameyear/
 https://pitt.libguides.com/citationhelp/ieee
 https://utas.libguides.com/c.php?g=498474
&p=3412291
 Introduction (2016). The University of Western
Australia.
http://guides.is.uwa.edu.au/c.php?g=325349
 http://www.cdu.edu.au/library/downloads/pdf/C
DUHarvardReferencing.pdf
 http://www.umuc.edu/library/libhow/chicago_ex
amples.cfm#
 Vancouver Citation Style. Retrieved from
 http://www.nait.ca/libresources/Citations/Van_e
xamples.pdf
 http://web.calstatela.edu/library/guides/3apa.pdf
 M. H. Alvi (2016): A Manual for
Referencing Styles in Research