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Nature of Personality
• Personality Traits : Personality is the sum of different
traits of a person. It is a composition of physical
appearance, emotional attributes, sociability, objectivity,
friendliness, and so on.
• Personality reflects individual differences : No two
individuals are exactly alike, because the characteristics
that constitute an individual’s personality are unique
combination of factors.
• Personality is consistent and enduring : Few personality
traits are consistent and stable throughout the life.
• Personality can change : It may still change under
certain circumstances like death of a loved one, career
promotion or birth of a child.
Determinants of Personality/Factors
Affecting Personality
1. Hereditary Factors: “Like Father like Son”;
“Like Mother Like Daughter”
Physical Structure
Eye/Hair color
Facial attractiveness
Gender
Temperament
Muscle composition
Reflexes
Intelligence
Energy level 4
Determinants oaf
Personality/Factors Affecting
Personality
2. Environmental Factors:
a) Culture: Culture establishes norms, attitudes and values
that are along with us from generation to generation.
Persons belonging to different cultural groups
generally have different personalities and different
attitudes towards independence, aggression,
competition, cooperation, and artistic talent.
b) Family: Families influence the behavior and personality
of a person especially in the early stages. The nature of
such influence depends on socio-economic level of the
family, family size, religion, parent’s educational
level, etc.
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Determinants oaf
Personality/Factors Affecting
Personality
2. c) Social:
Initially socialization starts with the contact of the infant with the
mother when he grows up.
Later, contacts with the other members of the family and social
groups influence his socialization process.
A man is known by the company he keeps, therefore all the social
groups in contact with him influence the behavior of the
individuals.
3. Situational: Life is a collection of experiences. An individual’s
personality may change or differ from another individual based on
certain situation or experiences he has faced in life. A particular
situation may either provide a constraint or push to an individual.
Ex: Traumatic event.
Why Personality is Important
at Workplace ?
Why recruiters look for more than simply what one has
majored in and how much work experience an individual
has??
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Personality Traits
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BIG FIVE THEORY OR FIVE
FACTOR MODEL
The initial model was advanced by Ernest Tupes and
Raymond Christal in 1961, but failed to reach an academic
audience until the 1980s.
In 1990, J.M. Digman advanced his five factor model of
personality, which Goldberg extended to the highest level of
organization.
At least four sets of researchers have worked independently for
decades on this problem and have identified generally the same
Big Five factors: Tupes & Cristal were first, followed by
Goldberg at the Oregon Research Institute, Cattell at the
University of Illinois, and Costa and McCrae at the National
Institutes of Health.
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BIG FIVE THEORY OR FIVE
FACTOR MODEL contd..
• Human resources professionals often use the Big Five
personality dimensions to help place employees. That is
because these dimensions are considered to be the underlying
traits that make up an individual’s overall personality.
1. Neuroticism
2. Extraversion
3. Openness to Experience
4. Agreeableness
5. Conscientiousness
Hence the widely used abbreviations as NEOAC, CANOE
or OCEAN.
BIG FIVE THEORY OR FIVE FACTOR MODEL
contd..
1.Neuroticism and Emotional
Stability: This dimension
relates to one’s emotional
stability and degree of negative
emotions like anxiety,
depression, anger, and
impulsiveness.
This is a personality dimension
that characterizes some one as
calm, self confident , secure
(Positive) verses nervous,
depressed and insecure
(negative).
BIG FIVE THEORY OR FIVE
FACTOR MODEL contd..
2. Extraversion: Tendency
to experience positive
emotions and excitement
seeking. Someone who is
characterized as outgoing
and social - get along with
many people.
BIG FIVE THEORY OR FIVE
FACTOR MODEL contd..
3. Openness to Experience:
Tendency to engage in
Intellectual abilities and
experience new sensations and
ideas.
They like to learn new things
and enjoy new experiences.
Creativity, Intellect and Culture
is involved here.
People with this tendency are
characterized as Dreamy,
Imaginative, inventive and non-
conservative in their thoughts.
BIG FIVE THEORY OR FIVE
FACTOR MODEL contd..
4. Agreeableness: or Sociability.
Individuals are characterized as
caring, warm, friendly and having a
considerate behavior. Eager to
cooperate and avoid conflict.
BIG FIVE THEORY OR FIVE
FACTOR MODEL contd..
5. Conscientiousness: is related
to responsibility and self-
discipline.