FLUID MECHANICS

Albano, Fernel Sean B.

PRELIM
Fluid Mechanics – is the science of the mechanics of liquids and gases and is based on the
fundamental properties that are employed in the mechanics of solid.

3 Branches:
Fluid static – is the study of the mechanics of fluids at rest.

Kinematics – Deals with the velocities and streamlines without considering the forces or energy

Fluid Dynamics – Concerned with the relation between velocities and acceleration and the forces
exerted by or union fluids in motion.

Fundamental Properties of fluids

Density – (ρ) of fluid its mass per unit volume.

𝑀 𝑘𝑔 𝑠𝑙𝑢𝑔
ρ= 𝑉 ; ,
𝑚3 𝑓𝑡 3
Specific Weight – ( ), is the weight per unit volume

𝑊 𝑊 𝑠𝑙𝑢𝑔
= 𝑉 ; 𝑚3 , W=mg
𝑓𝑡 3

Specific Volume – (v), is the volume occupied by a unit mass of fluid and the reciprocal of density

1 𝑚3 𝑓𝑡 4
v=ρ ; 𝑘𝑔 , 𝑠𝑙𝑢𝑔

Specific Gravity – (s.g), of a liquid is the ratio of its density to that of pure water at a standard
temperature.

ρ𝑙𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑑
s.g=ρ𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 ; = 𝑙𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑑
𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟
Equation of State of gases

*Ideal Gas Law

PV=mRT

𝑚𝑅𝑇
P= 𝑉

P=ρRT

In terms of specific weight

P= RT
g
Example 1

The specific weight of water at ordinary pressure and temperature is 9.81KN/𝑚3 . Specific density
mercury is 13.55. Compute the density of water and the specific weight and the density of mercury

Solution:

9.81 𝐾𝑁/𝑚3 1000𝑁 𝑘𝑔 𝑚/𝑠 2 ρℎ𝑔 ρℎ𝑔

ρ𝐻20 = = 𝑥 𝑥 s.g=ρℎ20; 13.55=1000𝑘𝑔/𝑚3
𝑔 9.81 𝑚/𝑠 3 1𝐾𝑁 𝑁

ρ𝐻20 = 1000kg/𝑚3 ρℎ𝑔 = 13,550 kg/𝑚3

ℎ𝑔 ℎ𝑔
s.g= ; 13.55 = 9.81𝐾𝑁/𝑚3
ℎ2𝑂

s.g= 132.93KN/𝑚3
Example 2

calculate the density, specific weight and specific volume of oxygen at 100°F and 15psi. (B)
what would be the temperature and pressure of this gas if we compressed isentropically (K=1.4)
to 40% of its original volume?(C) If the process described in (B) have been isothermal, what would
the temperature and the pressure have been?

49,709 𝑓𝑡−𝑖𝑏
R= 32 𝑠𝑙𝑢𝑔 °𝑅

R= 1553 ft-ib/slug°R