French garden

Submitted by:-
Aditi Gang
Aditya Thakur
Melvin
varghese
neelesh Gupta
 introduction
• The French gardens were
inspired by the “Italian
renaissance gardens”
• Symmetry and geometry are
the keywords when designing
such gardens

• The whole garden is

composed like a painting
reaching for pure
aesthetical qualities
• Like a painting it is also
created to be seen as a
whole
French garden planning
 history
• The form of the French garden
was strongly influenced by the
Italian gardens of the
Renaissance, and was largely
fixed by the middle of the 17th
century
Italian renaissance garden
• The French royal gardens architects Andre Mollet and Jacques
Boyceau De La Baraudiere laid the groundwork for the
supremacy of the french garden style Louis XIV

Planning by Andre
Planning by Jacques Mollet
Boyceau
 COMPONENTS OF FRENCH GARDENS
PARTERRE:-
• A planting bed, usually square or
rectangle containing an
ornamental design made with
low closely clipped hedges,
coloured gravels, and sometimes
flowers.
• Parterres were usually laid out in
geometric patterns, divided by
gravel plants. • They were intended seen from above from
house or terrace.
• A parterre de gazon was made of turf with
pattern cut out and filled with gravel.

Topiary:-
• Trees or bushes trimmed into ornamental shapes. In French gardens, there were
usually trimmed into geometric shapes
 Embroidery:-
• A very curling decorative
pattern within a parterre,
created with trimmed yew or
box or made by cutting the
pattern out of a lawn and filling
it with coloured gravel.

Bosquet:-
• A small group of trees,, usually some
distance from the house designed as
an ornamental backdrop

Goose foot
“patte
d’oie”:-
• Three or five
paths or which
spread outward
Allee:- from a single
A straight path, often lined with trees. point.
 Principles of French gardens

• A terrace overlooking • A geometric plan using the Trees are planned in straight
the garden, allowing most recent discoveries of lines, and carefully trimmed at
the visitor to see all at
once the entire garden. perspective and optics. a set height

• The house/palace/chateaux serves as the central

point of the garden, and its central ornament.
• Bodies of water (canals, basins)
No. trees are planted close to the house: rather
serves as mirrors, doubling the
the house is set apart by low parterre and
size of the house or the palace .
trimmed bushes.
• The parterre near the residence are
filled with broderies, design created
with low boxwood to resemble the
patterns of carpet and given
polychrome effect by plantings of
flowers or by coloured brick, gravel or
sand.

• The most elaborate parterres, or

planting beds, in the shape of squares,
oval circles or scrolls, are placed in a
regular and geometric order close to
the house, to complement the
architecture .

• The principles axis is crossed by one or

more perpendicular perspectives and
alleys.
 ELEMENTS USED IN FRENCH GARDEN
❑ CONCRETE BALUSTRADE
❑ CAST IRON SEATING
❑ FOUNTAINS
❑ PEA GRAVEL
❑ CAST IRON/ WOOD PLANTERS
❑ SIMPLE ELEGANT FURNITURES
❑ NATURAL STONE
❑ GLAZED POTS
❑ ANTIQUES
❑ COLUMNS
❑ ALLEYS
❑ BIRD BATH
Below are the basics that most French gardens incorporate.

⮚ Order and Symmetry

⮚ Neat and Defined Spaces
⮚ Cool Color Palette
⮚ Stone Elements

Order and Symmetry

▪ Symmetry and geometry are the main
hallmarks of French gardens, imposing order
over nature.
▪ The ideals of a French garden reflect the
history of France itself.
▪ French garden designers worked like
architects, extending the concepts of geometry,
optics, and perspective to the garden.
▪ The design is all about perspective because
French gardens are meant to be viewed from
all angles, even above from a terrace or
window of a chateau.
Neat and Defined Spaces
▪ French gardens are the neat and tidy students of garden design. The main plan is to create an overall
sense of order and control.
▪ The ground level does the bulk of the work creating elaborate parterres, or planting beds.
▪ Often in the shape of elegant squares, ovals, circles, or scrolls, these patterned planting beds
complement not just the design, but can be seen from the main house or building.
▪ They are usually edged with low boxwood or other shrubbery that help define space and keep edges
neat.
▪ Lawns are often rectangular or square, creating lines of interest across the axis and define sections of
the garden.
▪ Pathways, often made of gravel, border garden elements like lawns and create avenues to travel
throughout the design.
Cool Color Palette
▪ French gardens usually incorporate a cool color palette that emphasizes greens and
whites—think boxwood and stone gravel pathways.
▪ Rows of lavender bring in purple and reflecting pools the cool blues.
▪ Trees, bushes, and topiary had to stand out in other ways, so they were trimmed in
geometric forms.
▪ For décor, the greys and blues of an iron bench, pergola, or trellis reinforce the cool color
scheme.
▪ Introducing water features like reflecting ponds, pools and fountains plays up the
geometric patterns as they are often in circular or rectangular shapes.
Stone Elements
▪ Whether seen in gravel paths, statuary, or terraces, stone is an easy element to incorporate
into a French garden design.
▪ It provides balance against the plantings and underpinnings to the entire design.
▪ Planting beds can even be edged with stone.
▪ Pathways enforce order by controlling the route of a visitor to the garden and continues
the aspect of geometry with straight lines across and perpendicular to the axis.
▪ Stone is also used for more than decorative elements and often makes up the all-important
terrace where one can enjoy the view of the whole design.
▪ Stone can also border boxwoods and planter beds.
▪When incorporating water elements, stone coping encloses pools and fountains.
JARDIN DU CHATEAU DE VERSAILLES

• Location Versailles,France
• Coordinates
48°48′29″N2°6′30″E
• Area 800ha.
Designer• AndréLeNôtre
• CharlesLeBrun
• LouisLeVau
• JulesHardouin-Mansart
PLANNING Grand Canal

Apollo Fountain
• Versailles is the most famous
garden in the world. The scale is
monumental and there is little
sense of enclosure. Groves and Royal Avenue
• Versailles was designed as a Gardens
palatial centre of government for
an absolute monarch, Louis XIV. It
is resplendent as the prime
example of the French Baroque Latona Fountain
style, but it is not a friendly place.
• Avenues project from Louis XIV's Neptune Fountain
palace towards distant horizons, Water Parterres
enfolding town, palace, garden and Dragon Fountain
forest. Swiss Lake
• There are imaculate parterres,
great basins, an orangery, a vast South Parterres
collection of outdoor sculpture and
some of the grandest fountains North Parterres
which have ever been made.
 • The park and garden were
designed by Andre Le Nôtre
between 1661 and 1700. There
are magnificient features: huge
parterres, an orangery, famous
fountains , rich bosquets, a 1.8
km cruciform canal.
• The Grand Trianon, another
formal garden, was built on the
site of a former village. Versailles
also has later additions. The Petit
Trianon was given to Marie-
Antoinette in 1774.
Plants and Trees

• Plants 200,000trees
• 210,000flowers planted annually
• Features
• 50 fountains
• 620 waterjets (fed by 35km .
piping)
• 5.57km Grand Canal
(circumference; surface area 23ha.)

• Trees are planted in straight lines and clipped to keep a perfect shape and size

. • They may be formed into shapes to form topiary.

• Trees used in the Gardens of Versaille were:- Hornbeam, Beech, Chestnut, Elm and Linden for the
most part.
• Hornbeam and Beech are easy to plant and shape making them particularly good trees for formal
gardens.
AXIS AND SYMMETRY

• The two schematics presented

manifest the formal garden
through:Axes & Symmetry the site is
organized through the division of
spaces using primary and secondary
channels of movements.these axes
serve as the mirror line for the
symmetrical form.
• Hierarchy & Drama experiencing and
moving through the site is
manipulated by hierarchy and drama,
where the height, size,and complexity
of the surrounding area offer a guided
tour
 ELEMENTS OF
LANDSCAPE
DESIGN

Parterres of flowers. Proportion and Scale

• Manicured lawns. • Sculptures as fountains. • Ornamental landscaping