BID EVALUATION PROCESS AND

METHODS
Mani Ram Gelal
SE, DUDBC
RECEIPT & OPENING OF BIDS
 Public Opening of Bids
• Principles and Features
– Bid received are opened publicly at the Time and Place
indicated in the Bid Documents
– For fairness and transparency
– Bidders’ / representatives’ attendance encouraged
– Record of signature/initialed by the representatives of
bidders present

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 Information to be read out
• Usually following information
– Bidder’s name
– Total bid price
– Amount or % of any discounts offered and the
conditions under which the discounts are
applicable
– Bid Security: Amount and Validity period
– Corrections

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 Record of Public Bid Opening
Pursuant to the notice published on …., the following bids
for the Contract no.:…..were received by bid closing date
on ………. at …….. hrs. at …… (place) and were publicly
opened on ………. at …….. hrs. at …… (place) in the
presence of the following individuals.

S.N. Name of Bidder Bid Security Total Bid Discount Remarks

Amount / Validity Price if any

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 Typical Problems
• Late bids
• Incomplete reading out of bid data
• Modifications
•Bid Security Form in Two Envelope System

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Bid Evaluation

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 Objective

Determination of the Lowest evaluated and

substantially responsive bid

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 Evaluation Committee
• Bid evaluation committee comprise of
– Chief of public entity or senior officer designated by
him or her (technical employee, if possible) –
Chairperson
– Chief of financial administration section of the
concerned public entity –Member
– Technical expert related in the field (officer level, if
possible) –Member
– If there is a position of law officer in the public entity,
law officer of the public entity -Member

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 Bid Evaluation Basics
•Time frame
– before the expiry of the bid validity as stipulated in the
bid document
– within time frame prescribed by act/regulations
•Confidentiality of procedure:
– No information to non-authorized persons on
– Substance of bid
– Preliminary examination result and status
– Evaluation results and status
–Recommendation of award
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 Bid Evaluation Basics
Clarification of Bids

• To assist in the examination, evaluation, and comparison

of the Technical and Price Bids, the Employer may, at its
discretion, ask any Bidder for a clarification of its bid.
Any clarification submitted by a Bidder that is not in
response to a request by the Employer shall not be
considered. The Employer’s request for clarification and
the response shall be in writing. No change in the
substance of the Technical Bid or prices in the Price Bid
shall be sought, offered, or permitted.

• If a Bidder does not provide clarifications of its Bid by

the date and time set in the Employer’s request for
clarification, its bid may be rejected
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 Bid Evaluation Basics

• Bids not considered for evaluation

– late bids
– not sealed bids
– Withdrawn bids
– bids from disqualified bidders (if prequalification)

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 Basic Data Sheet
• Project Name; Contract No.
• Estimated value
• Date of invitation for bids issued
• Bid Closing Date and Time
• Number of Bids received
• Bid Validity Expiry date
• Date of Exchange rates specified for evaluation
• Exchange rates on such date ..

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 Preliminary Examination
• Eligibility

• Completeness of bid

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 Preliminary Examination
– Securities furnished or not
– Signed or not
– Power of attorney for the authorized persons
– Joint venture agreements
– Documents establishing the eligibility of bidders
– Documents required to assess the post
qualification of the bidders
– Bid form purchased from the concerned office
– Seal
– Submission of rate analysis if such was
requested
– Declaration of local agent if such was requested

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 Arithmetical Errors
• No cause for bid rejection. Can be corrected
• Discrepancy between figure and word- Word will
prevail
• Discrepancy between Unit price and Total price-
Unit price will prevail
• Discrepancy between Total Bid Amount and sum of
Total Prices- Total Prices will prevail

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 Compliance with Bid Documents
• Bids should be rejected if they:
– do not substantially conform to Specifications
– contains inadmissible reservations to bid documents
– do not substantially respond to requirements

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 Extension of Bid Validity
• Extension of bid validity is considered in exceptional
cases
• when considered, all bidders should be asked
• bidders willing to extend bid validity
– cannot modify substance of bid
–Must extend validity of bid security

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• Exchange rate –Source and Date
• Factors to be considered
– Payment schedule
– Delivery time
– Operating cost
– Availability of spare parts and services

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 Table of Bid Price
• Prepare a table showing the Bidders’ bid price,
arithmetic correction (if any), bid price in a common
currency (NPR)

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 Chronological Order of Evaluation
• Evaluation for Legality Evaluation
• Evaluation for Completeness
• Technical evaluation
• Commercial Evaluation
• Special Evaluation
• Evaluated Price
• Post Qualification Evaluation
• Evaluation Report

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 Chronological Order of Evaluation
• Evaluation for Legality Evaluation
– Sealed
– Difference in Qualification from PQ
– Eligibility (Registration, Renewal, Tax etc)

• Evaluation for Completeness

– Documents submitted or not
– JV Agreement, Power of Attorney, Sign of AR
– Conflict of Interest
– Purchased Bid Document

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 Chronological Order of Evaluation
• Technical evaluation
– Specification, Scope, Deviations

• Commercial Evaluation
– Time of delivery/completion
– Terms of Payment
– Delay damages
– Warranty
– Criteria to be fixed in bid

• Special Evaluation
– Front Loading
– Rate relation

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 Chronological Order of Evaluation
• Evaluated Price
– Arithmetical Corrections
– Adjustments for minor deviation
– Discounts

• Post Qualification Evaluation

– General/Specific experience
– Financial
– Equipment/Manpower

• Evaluation Report
• Basic data sheet
• Evidence of notice issued
• Record of bid opening
• Table of Bidders’ and Bid Price including corrections
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 Evaluated Price
SNO Evaluation Parameters Bidder 1 Bidder 2 Bidder 3
1 Quoted Price
2 Arithmetical Corrections(+/-)
3 Unconditional Discount
4 Adjusted Price
5 Price Deviation in Tech
Evaluation
Specification
Catalogue
---------
6 Price Deviation in
Commercial Evaluation
Warranty
O &M
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 Evaluated Price
SNO Evaluation Parameters Bidder 1 Bidder 2 Bidder 3
7 Price Deviation in Evaluated
Price
No rate items
Terms of Payment
----------
8 Evaluated Price
9 Domestic Preference, if any
10 Conditional Discount
11 Final Evaluated Price
12 Rank

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 Examine Responsiveness
• Examine the followings
– Eligibility requirements
– Submit bid security (Amount, validity)
– Meet major technical requirement
– Meet critical delivery schedule
– Bidder’s qualification criteria
– Financial situation
– Experience
– Personnel
– Equipment
– After sales service
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 Examine Responsiveness
• Major Deviations
– Effect on Validity of bid, or
– Specified in the bid documents as grounds for
rejection of the bid, or
– A deviation from the provisions of the bidding
documents with effect on the bid price, but cannot
be given a monetary value; or
– An unacceptable deviation from the specifications,
– Conditional bid

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 Examine Responsiveness
• Unacceptable Deviations
– Late Bid Submission
– Ineligible Bidder
– Unsigned Bid
– Bid Validity not as Requested
– Unacceptable Bid Security
– Price Adjustment Vs. Fixed Price
– Unacceptable Alternate Design
– Non Conforming Time Phasing
– Unacceptable Subcontracting
– Deviations from Critical Provisions
• Applicable Law
• Taxes and Duties
• Defects Liability
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 Examine Responsiveness
• Minor Deviations
– Has no effect on the validity of the bid; or
– Has no effect on the price, quality and delivery of the
goods offered; or
– Has such effect, but can be given monetary value; or
– Has not been specified in the bid documents as
grounds for rejection, provided that amount of
deviations is within 15%

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 Detailed Evaluation

• Commercial Features

Specified terms Reference to Bidder 1 Bidder 2 …..

and conditions Bid
document
i. Delivery date Bid doc. Vol..
ii. O & M cost Clause no…
iii. Terms of Page no….
payment
iv. …..

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 Detailed Evaluation

• Technical Features

Specified terms Reference to Bidder 1 Bidder 2 …..

and conditions Bid
document
i. Capacity Bid doc. Vol..
(power) Clause no…
ii. Speed Page no….
iii. Output
–Ground
…………….
clearance
iv. …..

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 Financial Adjustment of Bids
• Adjustment include
– Adjustment to completeness in scope of supply
– Adjustment for technical compliance
– Adjustment for efficiency, losses or running cost
– Adjustment of terms of payment
– Adjustment for delivery

– …………….

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 Discounts

• Before Discounts
– …..
Ranking
Bidder A Bidder B Bidder C without Remarks
discount

A offered a discount of
Package 1 80 70 60 Bidder C 20% if awarded
both Lot 1 and Lot 3.

B offered a discount of
no bid
Package 2 40 55 Bidder B 10% if awarded all
submitted
three lots

Package 3 40 50 42 Bidder A C offered no discount

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 Discounts
• After Discounts
– …..
Ranking without
Bidder A Bidder B Bidder C
discount
Package 1 64 63 60 Bidder C
Package 2 no bid submitted 36 55 Bidder B
Package 3 32 45 42 Bidder A

64 (from Bidder A after discount) + 40 (from Bidder B before

Combination 1:
discount) + 32 (from Bidder A after discount) = 136

Combination 2: 63+36+45 (all three offers from Bidder B after discount) = 144

60 (from Bidder C) + 40 (from Bidder B before discount) + 40 (from

Combination 3:
Bidder A before discount) = 140
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DOMESTIC PREFERENCE
• DOMESTIC PREFERENCE IS PREFERENCE EXTENDED TO
DOMESTICALLY MANUFACTURED GOODS OR TO DOMESTIC
CONTRACTORS (IN CIVIL WORKS)

• IF REQUESTED BY THE BORROWER AND AGREED TO BY THE

WORLD BANK, DOMESTIC PREFERENCE MAY BE APPLIED IN
ICB.

• DOMESTIC PREFERENCE IS APPLICABLE ONLY IN ICB AND NOT

IN OTHER METHODS
 DOMESTIC PREFERENCE FOR PROCUREMENT OF
GOODS

• DOMESTIC PREFERENCE AIMS AT GIVING A MARGIN OF

PREFERENCE TO GOODS MANUFACTURED IN BORROWER’S
COUNTRY FULFILLING SPECIFIED CONDITIONS

• BORROWER NEEDS WORLD BANK’S AGREEMENT BEFORE

APPLYING FOR DOMESTIC PREFERENCE

• BIDDING DOCUMENT IS TO INCORPORATE THE REQUIRED

CONDITIONS TO BE SATISFIED BY THE BIDDERS, TO QUALIFY
FOR DOMESTIC PREFERENCE
• MANUFACTURER’S/SUPPLIER’S NATIONALITY HAS NO
BEARING

• RESPONSIVE BIDS ARE SEGREGATED IN THREE GROUPS - ‘A’,

‘B’ &’C’

• GROUP A BIDS - i) LABOUR, RAW MATERIALS AND

COMPONENTS FROM BORROWER’S COUNTRY ARE 30
PERCENT OR MORE OF THE EXW PRICE OF THE PRODUCT
OFFERED AND ii)FACILITY FOR MANUFACTURING/
ASSEMBLING SUCH PRODUCT IS IN OPERATION AT LEAST
SINCE BID SUBMISSION

• GROUP B BIDS - OTHER BIDS OFFERING GOODS

MANUFACTURED IN BORROWER’S COUNTRY
• GROUP C BIDS - BIDS OFFERING GOODS
MANUFACTURED ABROAD - WHETHER ALREADY
IMPORTED OR WILL BE IMPORTED

• ALL BIDS, SO SEGREGATED, ARE TO BE EVALUATED IN

NORMAL COURSE IN TERMS OF SBD CONDITION TO
DETERMINE THE LOWEST EVALUATED RESPONSIVE BID
IN EACH GROUP.

• IF THE ULTIMATE L1 IS FROM GROUP A OR GROUP B, IT

WILL BE SELECTED FOR AWARD.
• IF THE ULTIMATE L1 IS FROM GROUP C , THEN -

– GROUP ‘B’ BIDS ARE IGNORED FOR FURTHER

CONSIDERATION

– L1 OF GROUP C IS LOADED WITH 15% OF ITS CIP

DESTINATION PRICE

– IF THE LOADED L1 OF C IS STILL CHEAPER THAN L1 OF A, L1

OF C WILL BE SELECTED FOR AWARD AT ITS QUOTED PRICE

– IF L1 OF A BECOMES CHEAPER THAN THE LOADED L1 OF C,

L1 OF A WILL BE SELECTED FOR AWARD.
 Award of Contract

Letter of Intention
• Lowest responsive bidder
• Lowest bid Amount
• Other bidders
• Response/protest period

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 Complain and Review
 If a Bidder is dissatisfied with the Procurement
proceedings or the decision made by the
Employer in the intention to award the
Contract, it may file an application to the Chief
of the Public Entity (Employer) within Seven
(7) days of providing the notice of LOI by the
Public Entity, for review of the proceedings
stating the factual and legal grounds.

 Late application filed after the deadline shall

not be processed.
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 Complain and Review
 The chief of Public Entity(Employer) shall,
within five (5) days after receiving the
application, give its decision with reasons, in
writing :
o whether to suspend the procurement proceeding and
indicate the procedure to be adopted for further
proceedings; or
o to reject the application.
 The decision of the chief of Public Entity shall be
final for the Bid amount up to the value NRs.2
Crores.

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 Complain and Review
 If the Bidder is not satisfied with the decision given or
the decision is not given within five (5) days of receipt
of application, it can, within seven (7) days of receipt
of such decision, file an application to the Review
Committee of the GoN, stating the reason of its
disagreement on the decision and furnishing the
relevant supporting documents, provided that its Bid
amount is more than NRs. 2 Crores. The application
may be sent by hand, by post, by courier, or by
electronic media at the risk of the Bidder itself.

 Late application filed after the deadline pursuant to ITB

42.4 shall not be processed
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 Complain and Review
 The Review Committee, after inquiring from the Bidder and
the Public Entity, if needed, shall give its decision within one
(1) month of the receipt of the application filed by the
Bidder.

 The Bidder,, shall have to furnish a cash amount or Bank

guarantee equivalent to zero point five percent (0.5%) of its
quoted Bid amount with the validity period of at least ninety
(90) days from the date of the filing of application.

 If the claim made by the Bidder is justified, the Review

Committee shall return the security deposit, within seven
(7) days of such decision made.
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 Award of Contract
Letter of Acceptance
• Name of successful bidder
• Performance security

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 Award of Contract
Signing of Contract
• Contract documents
• Performance Security
• Work program

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