Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Paper
Objectives:
A is B Conclusion
B is C A is C
Example:
As antioxidant, coffee is an anticancer
substance.
• The three terms are “antioxidant,” “ anticancer
substance,” and coffee.
1. Antioxidants are anticancer substances.
2. Coffee is an antioxidant.
3. Therefore, coffee is an anticancer substance.
Types of Arguments
• Argument from incompatibility – presents 2 contradictory choices
- the choice of one is the exclusion of others
Thus, if something is A it can’t be B; if it is B it can’t be A, for A and B
can’t be combined because they are incompatible.
Example:
AB AB
CD C?
• Entity X Entity Y
• Therefore, entity Y will have D as well.
Types of Arguments
• Argument from generalization – uses one member of population to
make conclusions about the entire population
Types of Arguments
• Argument from examples – uses a group of examples from that
population to serve as your basis
• Sample Population
Types of Arguments
• Argument from cause – states that A is caused by B, which means that
the presence of A (cause) will mean the presence of B (effect)
• Strong cause/ sufficient cause- the occurrence of the cause
guarantees the existence of the effect
• Weak cause/ necessary cause - the occurrence of the cause is
necessary to the effect
Types of Arguments
• Argument from sign- uses a sign or indicator X to argue for the
existence of condition Y