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HYPNOTICS
Assoc. Prof. I. Lambev
E-mail: itlambev@mail.bg
Insomnia is characterized by the complaint of poor
sleep, with difficulty either in initiating sleep or
maintaining sleep throughout the night. It can
occur exclusively in the course of another physical
disorder such as pain, mental disorder, e.g. depres-
sion, or sleep disorder, e.g. sleep apnoea. In a large
proportion of patients it is a primary sleep disorder
and causes significant impairment in social, occu-
pational or other important areas of functioning.
One survey showed similar deficits in quality of life
in insomniacs as in patients with long-term disorders
such as diabetes. About 60% of patients with insomnia
have abnormal sleep.
Transmitters: waking state and sleep.
During the sleep dominates GABA.
Lüllmann, Color Atlas of Pharmacology – 2nd Ed. (2000)
Lüllmann, Color Atlas of Pharmacology – 2nd Ed. (2000)
Normal hypnogram
Effect of hypnotics on proportion of REM/NREM
Lüllmann, Color Atlas of Pharmacology – 2nd Ed. (2000)
Transmitters: waking state and sleep
Lüllmann, Color Atlas of Pharmacology – 2nd Ed. (2000)
Sleep hygiene
(adapted from Bennett and Brown, 2003)
GABAA-
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Ethanol