PARTS OF SPEECH

Noun as Subject of the verb in a

sentence
 1. Nouns as subject of verb

1. John ran away from the monster.

John is called as subject because he does an actions run.
1. It does an actions.

2. The book was written in 1988. 2. It receives an actions.

3. It follows the verb.

The book which functioned as subjects receives an action ‘was
written’. That’s what’s called a passive voice sentence.

3. “It’s not fair!” shouted John.

V S
Note that occasionally, the subject can follow the verb.
2. Nouns as object

The object of a sentence means something done to it.

Nouns in this position can be functioned as direct object,
indirect object, cognate object, appositive, noun adjunct
and object of preposition .

a. Direct Object (Object langsung)

It has indirect characteristics. This object must follow the
transitive verbs.

b. Indirect Object (Object tidak langsung)

It has direct or independent characteristic. This object can stay
alone or in the form of intransitive verb.
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c. Cognate object
Cognates are words in two languages that have a
common development and thus are similar or identical in
their meanings.

For example, without knowing any Spanish you could Cognates:

Two languages
guess that the word apartamento means apartment in
which are similar
English. in meaning

This does not mean that you can simply and an “o” or
“a” to the end of any English word and make it Spanish.

d. Object of preposition

A noun that comes at the end of the prepositional

phrase.
e. Noun adjunct
A noun adjunct is a noun functioning as an adjective, with
the aim of modifying another noun. For example, “student
essay” and “book store” combine two nouns: student with
essay in the first phrase, and book (the noun form) with store
in the second.

f. Complement

A word or group of words that completes the predicate of the

sentence.

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a. Noun as direct object

A noun or a pronoun.
Follows an action verb or transitive verb.
Receives the action of a verb.
It can be active or passive sentence.

A direct object can be found

by asking Whom? or What?
about an action verb.

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 Active Sentence - possibility 1

indirect
subject verb direct object
object

The professor explained the students the exercise.

Active Sentence - possibility 2

subject verb direct object indirect object

The professor explained the exercise to the students.

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 Passive Sentence - Possibility 1

Subject Verb Direct Object (by-agent) (IO)

were
The students the exercise. (by the professor).
explained

Passive Sentence - possibility 2

Subject Verb Direct Object (by-agent) (IO)

was to the
The exercise (by the professor
explained students

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Cognates Object
Cognates object is the object which has the same or
similar derivation with another parts of speech in a
sentence.
He smiled an evil smile
V CO

Sleep a fitful sleep!

v CO
The beautiful girl smiled beautifully.
S CO

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Words ending…

If an English word ends in “ist” the Spanish rule is

to generally add “ista” to the end of it.

1. turista – tourist

2. socialista – socialist

3. egoísta – egoist

4. artista – artist

5. lista - list

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Words ending…
If an English word ends in "tion" generally change it to "ción".
1. acción – action
2. instrucción – instruction
3. condición – condition
4. combinación – combination
5. asociación - association

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Object of preposition

I like to relax with a good book.

OP

NP

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Complement
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4. Nouns as appositive

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5. Nouns as Noun Adjunct
In English we can put two nouns together. The

first noun is used as an adjective to modify the second

noun and is called a noun adjunct. The first noun is

almost always singular because it follows the rule for

adjectives, which do not have plural forms in English.

John waited at the bus stop.

Noun adjunct
 Thank you!

9/18/2019