• All life on earth

depends on the flow of

energy through
ecosystems

• All energy on the

earth ultimately comes
from the sun
Autotrophs Heterotrophs
Make their own food Can NOT make own
• with light – phototrophs food… they get their
• with chemicals -- chemotrophs energy by the foods
they eat
• organisms capable of
making their own food.
• plants are
photoautotrophs they
use light energy from
the sun to produce
glucose (sugar)
 • organisms not
capable of making
their own food
 • they are consumers
of the biosphere
 • they must eat plants,
or other animals who
eat plants to acquire
indirectly the energy
from the sun
The common energy
currency of cells.
With one big
molecule that is
made of 5 smaller
molecules bonded
together.
ATP-ADP
CYCLE
1. ATP contains MORE energy than ADP
because it has more bonds.
 2. When a phosphate is REMOVED
energy is RELEASED.
3. When a phosphate is ADDED energy is
NEEDED.
• ATP transfer energy from
the breakdown of food
molecules to cell function.
• Energy is released when
phosphate group (P) is
removed
• ADP is charge into ATP
when phosphate group (P)
is added.
 Adenosine triphosphate

+
P

ribose
-

adenine
 Adenosine diphosphate

+
P

ribose
-

adenine
 + +
Releasing energy

Storing energy

- -

P
Releasing energy
P P

P Storing energy P

ribose ribose

adenine adenine
ATP-ADP CYCLE
 ATP – ADP Cycle

phosphate removed
Transformation of Energy
 Energy is the ability to do work.

 Thermodynamics is the study of the flow and transformation of

energy in the universe.
Laws of Thermodynamics

– First law - Energy can be converted from one form to

another, but it cannot be created nor destroyed.

– Second law - Energy cannot be converted without

the loss of usable energy.

HE
AT
• Energy: up to 36
ATP molecules (1
glucose)
• Details: • Most
commonly broken
down to make ATP
• Not stored in large
amounts
• Energy: about 146
ATP molecules
(triglyceride)
Details: • Lipids
store the most
energy
• 80% of the energy
in our body
 • Energy: about 36 ATP
molecules BUT…
 • Details: • Proteins are
least likely to be
broken down to make
ATP,
 • Amino acids not
usually needed for
energy
ATP-ADP CYCLE
1. Where does plants get energy to produce its
own food?
2. Consumers are also termed as ___________.
3. When does ATP release its stored energy?
4. What molecule will be formed if 1 molecule
of phosphate will be released?
5. Which of the biomolecules possessed
greater amount of energy?
6. Identify major source of energy for living organisms.(5pts)

7. Describe an example of the first law of

thermodynamics.(5pts)

8. Compare and contrast autotrophs and heterotrophs.(5pts)

9. Explain how ATP stores and release energy. (10pts)